sano Italian · revision 39191

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 1250, Giacomo da Lentini|origins=itc-pro *sānos}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈsa.no/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sano''' (feminine sana, masculine plural sani, feminine plural sane)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|sānus|t=healthy, sound]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(DEI|3333) The word is pan-Romance: [[fr|sain]], [[oc|sa]], [[ca|sa]], [[es|sano]], [[pt|são]], [[sc|sanu]], [[fur|san]] and [[rm|saun]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)^(Körting 1907) [[ro|sănătos]], with [[nap|saneluse]] and the [[sc|sanidosu]] of Campidano, goes back to a derivative [[la-vul|*sānitōsus]] of [[m|la|sānitās|t=health]].^(DEI|3333)

+

+ Latin [[m|la|sānus]] comes from [[itc-pro|*sānos]], and its only possible relative is [[xum|sanes]] in Umbrian, an obscure word for certain sacrificial objects.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto 1968|386) Its further origin is uncertain.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)^(Zingarelli 2010) De Vaan sets up a purely mechanical [[ine-pro|*seh₂-no-]] and suggests either the root [[ine-pro|*seh₂-|t=to tie]], giving “in place, in order”, or the root of [[la|satis|t=enough]], “satisfied”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Others compare [[grc|σῶς|tr=sôs|t=safe]] and [[de|gesund|t=healthy]] under [[ine-pro|*swā-n-]], while Nocentini sees the word as confined to Italic.^(Wiktionary)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in the poems of Giacomo da Lentini, before 1250, in the sense “whole, not broken”.^(DELI 1999)^(Zingarelli 2010) Folco di Calabria, of the same Sicilian school, already uses it of a person in health: ''Languiscie, stando sano'', “he languishes while in good health”.^(GDLI|17, 522) Brunetto Latini, before 1294, is DELI's first witness for “free of illness”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From health the word extended to what shows or brings health: a healthy face (about 1340, in the translation of Palladius) and healthy air or food.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Brunetto Latini also used it of moral soundness, “honest, upright”, a sense continued in ''sani principi''.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Iacopone da Todi has the noun ''il sano'', a healthy person.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ Of things the adjective means “undamaged, intact”, and in central and southern Italy “whole, entire”: a whole watermelon, a whole month.^(REW 1935)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) Meyer-Lübke explains this use, also Spanish, from the adverb [[la|sānē]], which already meant “wholly”.^(REW 1935) Prati gives ''sano'' “whole” for Pistoia, Siena, Pisa and Rome.^(Prati 1951|871) The pair ''sano e salvo'' “safe and sound” goes back to Latin ''sanus ac salvus'', which De Felice explains as a military formula for a soldier who came through unharmed.^(DELI 1999) The proverb ''chi va piano va sano e va lontano'', “slow and steady goes safe and far”, uses the word in its old sense of “unharmed”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1250 – Giacomo da Lentini uses ''sano'' for “whole, unbroken”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses it for “healthy” and “morally upright”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1306 – Iacopone da Todi has ''il sano'', a healthy person.^(DELI 1999)

+ * About 1340 – The translation of Palladius uses it of a healthy appearance.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 17th century – Paolo Segneri writes of ''giorni sani'', whole days.^(DEI|3333)^(Prati 1951|871)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|healthy]], free of illness, in good physical and mental health: ''Il medico dice che il bambino è sano.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Of an organ or a fruit, not diseased or damaged: ''denti sani'', ''polmoni perfettamente sani''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Showing good health: ''una carnagione sana''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Good for the health, [[m|en|wholesome]]: ''Qui l'aria è sana.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # [[m|en|intact]], not broken: ''Il pacco è arrivato sano.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(regional, central and southern Italy)'' Whole, entire: ''Ha mangiato una pizza sana.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Morally sound, honest, upright: ''un ambiente di lavoro sano''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A healthy person: ''Il virus colpisce anche i sani.''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sanare]]

+ * [[sanità]]

+ * [[sanitario]]

+ * [[sanabile]]

+ * [[sanatoria]]

+ * [[sanatoriale]]

+ * [[insano]]

+ * [[insania]]

+ * [[rinsanire]]

+ * [[sanamente]]

+ * [[sanificare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[malsano]]

+ * [[la|sanus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Fixed phrases include ''sano e salvo'' “safe and sound”, ''sano come un pesce'' “as fit as a fiddle”, ''sano di mente'' “of sound mind”, ''portatore sano'' “healthy carrier” and ''di sana pianta'' “from scratch, entirely”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}