tenda Italian · revision 39172

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 1294, Brunetto Latini|origins=la tendō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈtɛn.da/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tenda''' ''f'' (plural tende)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-lat|tenda]], recorded in the glosses and in Papias, from ⟨tenta (tēla)⟩ “stretched cloth”, the feminine past participle of [[la|tendō|t=to stretch]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(GDLI) Nocentini explains the ⟨-d-⟩ in place of ⟨-t-⟩ by analogy with the present [[tendere]];^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary posits a Vulgar Latin [[m|la-vul|*tendita]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) Some scholars ascribe the ⟨-nd-⟩ to Greek, where a voiced consonant after a nasal is usual, and DEI thinks the Late Latin word probably came through a Byzantine Greek form recorded from the 7th century;^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|3748)^(REW 1935) DELI finds the Latin verb enough to explain it.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|3748)^(REW 1935) Latin had the older [[m|la|tentōrium|t=tent]], whence learned Italian [[tentorio]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The word is pan-Romance: [[fr|tente]], [[oc|tenda]], [[ca|tenda]], [[es|tienda]], [[pt|tenda]], [[sc|tenda]] and [[ro|tindă|t=porch, entrance hall]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) [[en|tent]] comes from the French form.^(Nocentini 2010) In Spanish the word came to mean “shop”, and [[scn|tenna|t=shop]] is from Spanish.^(REW 1935)^(DEI|3748) Italian passed the word to Ottoman Turkish, whence [[tr|tente]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The Latin verb continues Proto-Indo-European ⟨*ten-d(ʰ)-⟩, an extension of [[ine-pro|*ten-|t=to stretch]], the root also of [[grc|τείνω|tr=teínō|t=to stretch]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Medieval Latin at Farfa in 1052 already has ''ipsam tendam de lignamine quod nominatur casa'' “the wooden ''tenda'' that is called a house”.^(DEI|3748) The first Italian record, before 1294 in Brunetto Latini, is a cloth stretched out in the open as a shelter from the sun, rain or wind.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The military tent, a shelter of canvas held up by poles, appears in the ''Tavola Ritonda'' of about 1320–40.^(DELI 1999) DEI records the theatre curtain in the 17th century, in Pallavicino, and Fagiuoli, before 1742, has the curtain hung in front of a window for decoration or against the sun.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|3748) Small curtains are ''tendine'' from 1805, and ''tendone'' was a large, strong awning from 1640.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ In the 20th century [[tendopoli]] (1923) named a large crowded campsite, one of a series of names modelled on ''Costantinopoli''.^(DELI 1999) Anatomy uses ''tenda'' for a membrane stretched over other structures, as in ''tenda del cervelletto''.^(GRADIT 2003) The phrases ''piantare le tende'', to settle somewhere for a long time, and ''levare le tende'', to leave, keep the old image of the camp.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1052 – Medieval Latin ''tenda'' is recorded at Farfa.^(DEI|3748)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses ''tenda'' for a cloth shelter.^(DELI 1999)

+ * About 1320–1340 – The ''Tavola Ritonda'' uses ''tenda'' for a military tent.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1640 – ''Tendone'' “large awning” is recorded by Oudin.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1742 – Fagiuoli uses ''tenda'' for a window curtain.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1805 – ''Tendina'' “small curtain” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1923 – ''Tendopoli'' “tent city” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A cloth hung over or in front of something to protect or hide it: ''Il palco era nascosto da una pesante tenda rossa.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A [[m|en|curtain]] at a window or door: ''Tira le tende, entra troppo sole.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An [[m|en|awning]] outside a window, balcony or shop.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|tent]], a portable shelter of canvas held up by poles and pegs: ''Abbiamo montato la tenda vicino al fiume.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(anatomy)'' A membrane stretched over other structures, a [[m|en|tentorium]].^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(regional)'' A cloth spread under trees to catch the falling fruit, especially olives.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tendina]]

+ * [[tendone]]

+ * [[tendaggio]]

+ * [[tendopoli]]

+ * [[tendale]]

+ * [[attendarsi]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tendere]]

+ * [[tentorio]]

+ * [[la|tendō]]

+ * [[fr|tente]]

+ * [[en|tent]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Tenda a ossigeno'' is an oxygen tent, and ''tenda canadese'' a ridge tent.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) ''Tenda'' is also the name of the Tenda, a people of the upper Gambia basin, recorded in Italian from 1961.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}