rientrare Italian · revision 39169

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=before 1348, Giovanni Villani|origins=la intra}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ri.enˈtra.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rientrare''' (first-person singular present riéntro, first-person singular past historic rientrài, past participle rientràto, auxiliary èssere)^(Wiktionary)

+ An old form is [[roa-oit|rintrare]].^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|it|ri-|entrare|t2=to enter]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) DELI reads the prefix [[ri-]] as either the repetitive one or the one that means “back”.^(DELI 1999) The verb [[entrare]] continues [[la|intrō|t=to go inside]], from [[m|la|intrā|t=within]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) The noun [[rientro]] is formed from the verb.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in Giovanni Villani's chronicle, before 1348, with the sense of going back into a place one has left:^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) his Florentines refuse to open the gates for fear that the count, ''rientrando'' with his cavalry, would take revenge.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Boccaccio tells of a wife who, shut out by her husband, cannot ''rientrare'' however much she begs.^(GDLI) Figurative uses appear early: Petrarch, and ''rientrare in sé'' “to come to one's senses, repent” in Jacopone da Todi.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The sense of shrinking or drawing in is dated before 1537 in Biringuccio, and that of a line or surface curving inward before 1597 in Soderini.^(DELI 1999) In 1858 Tommaseo records the sense “to be included”, as in a category or one's duties.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The modern colloquial language adds ''rientrare'' “to get one's money back”, and a plan or a protest that ''rientra'' is called off.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary) The derivatives are mostly late: ''rientranza'' “recess” in 1914, ''rientrato'' “failed, unrealized” in 1905, and ''rientro'' “return” in 1935, used for a spacecraft's re-entry into the atmosphere from 1965.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1348 – Giovanni Villani uses ''rientrare'' for going back in.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1537 – Biringuccio uses it for shrinking or drawing in.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1597 – Soderini uses it for a surface curving inward.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1858 – Tommaseo records the sense “to be included”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1914 – The derivative ''rientranza'' “recess” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1935 – ''Rientro'' “return” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1944 – Marinetti uses ''rientrare'' transitively, “to bring back in”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To go back in, to return to a place one has left; to come home: ''Rientro a casa verso le otto.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To go back to work or to one's usual post: ''Dopo le vacanze rientra in ufficio lunedì.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # To return to a former condition or situation: ''rientrare in possesso di qualcosa'', ''rientrare in gioco''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' Of money lent or invested, to come back; of a person, to recover money spent.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Of a plan or a protest, to be called off or to die down.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Of a line or surface, to curve inward, to form a [[rientranza|alt=recess]]: ''Qui la costa rientra e forma una piccola baia.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To be included in a group, a list or a category: ''Questo non rientra nei miei compiti.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(uncommon)'' Of fabric, to [[m|en|shrink]].^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rientramento]]

+ * [[rientrante]]

+ * [[rientrabile]]

+ * [[rientranza]]

+ * [[rientrato]]

+ * [[rientro]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[entrare]]

+ * [[ritornare]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The verb takes ''essere'' as auxiliary.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) Common phrases are ''rientrare in sé'' “to regain self-control”, ''rientrare nei ranghi'' “to fall back into line”, and the proverbial ''uscire dalla porta e rientrare dalla finestra'' “to be thrown out of the door and come back through the window”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}