venti Italian · revision 39166

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1211, Florentine document|origins=ine-pro *dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈven.ti/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-lat|vinti]], a spoken form of [[la|vīgintī|t=twenty]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) DELI and Nocentini cite the classical form [[m|la|vīgintī]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) The Late Latin form had a short ⟨i⟩, which gave Italian closed /e/.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The same word is [[fr|vingt]], [[oc|vint]], [[ca|vint]], [[es|veinte]], [[pt|vinte]] and [[sc|vinti]]; [[ro|douăzeci]] is a new formation meaning “two tens”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Körting 1907)

+

+ The Latin numeral goes back to [[itc-pro|*wīgentī]], from [[ine-pro|*dwi(h₁)dḱm̥ti|t=two tens]], an old dual form made of [[ine-pro|*dwi-|t=two]] and a derivative of [[ine-pro|*déḱm̥|t=ten]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010)^(OLD 2012) Its cognates include [[grc|ϝίκατι|tr=wíkati]] in Doric Greek, [[ae|vīsaiti]], [[sa|विंशति|tr=viṃśatí]] and [[sga|fiche]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan reports Kortlandt's explanation of the unexpected voiced ⟨g⟩ of the Latin word, which spread from the words for “seventy” and “ninety”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in a Florentine document of 1211.^(TLIO) DELI dates the number from the ''Fiore'' (13th–14th century) and GRADIT before 1310.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ DELI notes that the derivatives of ''venti'' are mostly popular, beside learned words built on the classical form, such as ''vigesimo''.^(DELI 1999) It also doubts that the southern Italian use of ''ventina'' “score” reflects a counting system brought by the Normans.^(DELI 1999) In Siena the form was ''vinti'', and a story told of Niccolò Andrea Borghesi has him asking beggars how much ten and ten make, giving two coins to those who answered ''vinti'' as true Sienese and one to those who said ''venti''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ As a noun, ''venti'' names the number and its sign (1879, Tommaseo), and ''le venti'' means eight in the evening (1922).^(DELI 1999) Compounds took on special senses: ''il ventisette'', the day public employees were paid, and so their salary (1905),^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) and ''portare il cappello sulle ventitré'', to wear one's hat tilted, from the time when hours were counted from sunset and in the twenty-third hour the sun was low.^(Nocentini 2010) English has borrowed ''venti''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1211 – ''Venti'' appears in a Florentine document.^(TLIO)

+ * 13th–14th century – The ''Fiore'' uses the number.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1300–1313 – Dante uses the ordinal ''ventesimo''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1879 – Tommaseo records ''venti'' as a noun for the number and its sign.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1905 – ''Il ventisette'' “payday” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1922 – ''Le venti'' “eight in the evening” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|twenty]]: two tens (20, XX): ''Ho aspettato venti minuti.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # In compound numbers: ''ventidue'', ''centoventi''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # An indefinite number, many or few according to the context: ''Gliel'ho chiesto venti volte.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # After a noun, twentieth: ''la stanza venti''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The number twenty and its sign; a house number.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # The twentieth day of the month; the year (19)20, ''gli anni Venti'', the 1920s.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''Le venti'', eight o'clock in the evening.^(Treccani 2011)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # A mark of twenty in an examination.^(Treccani 2011)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ventennale]]

+ * [[ventenne]]

+ * [[ventennio]]

+ * [[ventesimo]]

+ * [[ventina]]

+ * [[ventino]]

+ * [[ventiquattro]]

+ * [[ventiquattr'ore]]

+ * [[ventisette]]

+ * [[ventitré]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vigesimo]]

+ * [[la|viginti]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Venti'' is elided before ''anni'': ''vent'anni''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020) The number has a closed ''e''.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(Wiktionary) The same spelling is also the plural of [[vento]] “wind”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}