aumentare Italian · revision 39152

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1268, Andrea da Grosseto|origins=ine-pro *h₂ewg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /aw.menˈta.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aumentare''' (first-person singular present auménto, first-person singular past historic aumentài, past participle aumentàto, auxiliary (transitive) avére or (intransitive) èssere)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old forms include ''agumentare'', ''augmentare'' and ''augumentare'', the last still in use in the 15th century.^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|3, 2281)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-lat|augmentō|alt=augmentāre|t=to increase]], from [[m|la|augmentum|t=growth, increase]], from [[m|la|augeō|t=to increase]] and the suffix [[m|la|-mentum]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) It is a learned or half-learned word: the LEI derives it from the Late Latin verb through a stage with /mm/, later simplified, as [[autore]] comes from [[la|auctor|alt=auctōrem]].^(LEI|3, 2281) The form [[roa-oit|agumentare]] has a /g/ inserted to break the hiatus, as in a Tuscan form of [[pavone]], [[m|roa-oit|augmentare]] is a 14th-century Latinism, and [[m|roa-oit|augumentare]] has an extra vowel, supported by [[la-lat|augumentum]].^(LEI|3, 2281)

+

+ The only popular outcomes of the Latin verb go back to a reduced [[la-vul|*agmentō|alt=*agmentāre]]: [[rup|amindari]] “to earn”, [[eu|emendatu]] “to grow” and a central Calabrian verb meaning “to add”.^(LEI|3, 2281)^(DEI|363) The other Romance languages borrowed the verb from Latin, as Italian did: [[fr|augmenter]] (about 1370), [[pro|augmentar]] (1310), [[ca|augmentar]] (from 1335), [[es|aumentar]] and [[pt|aumentar]].^(LEI|3, 2281)

+

+ The Latin verb goes back to [[ine-pro|*h₂ewg-|t=to grow]] and is related to [[grc|αὔξω|tr=aúxō|t=to increase]], [[got|𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽|tr=aukan]] and [[lt|áugti|t=to grow]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in the Tuscan translation of Albertano da Brescia by Andrea da Grosseto (1268), where the verb means to make something larger in size or quantity.^(TLIO) DELI dates both the transitive and the intransitive use to Boccaccio, around 1336.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used the verb widely in figurative senses: to increase a state or its power, to spread a faith, to make a penalty harsher, to improve a skill, and even of a translator who adds words of his own.^(TLIO) Giovanni Villani writes of the Florentines' wish to ''aumentare e favorare'' the standing of the Commune.^(GDLI)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ In legal Italian of the 18th and 19th centuries the verb was used for making a penalty or a fine heavier (''aumentare la pena'', 1756).^(LEI|3, 2281) Modern Italian adds the colloquial use for prices (the baker has put up the price of bread), and the knitting term for adding stitches.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010) The intransitive verb takes ''essere'': ''sono aumentato di due chili'', I have put on two kilos.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1268 – Andrea da Grosseto uses ''aumentare''.^(TLIO)

+ * c. 1336 – Boccaccio uses the verb both transitively and intransitively.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1444 – Bernardino da Siena uses the form ''augumentare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1756 – ''Aumentare la pena'' appears in a law of the Kingdom of Naples.^(LEI|3, 2281)

+ * 1815 – ''Aumentare la multa'' appears in the penal code of Lombardy–Venetia.^(LEI|3, 2281)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|increase]], to make larger in size, number or quantity: ''L'azienda ha aumentato il personale.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To make stronger or more intense: ''Aumenta il riscaldamento, ho freddo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(transitive, colloquial)'' To put up the price of something: ''Hanno aumentato il gasolio.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(knitting)'' To add stitches.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To grow, to [[m|en|rise]] in size, number, intensity or weight: ''Il traffico aumenta ogni estate.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(intransitive, colloquial)'' To go up in price: ''Il caffè è aumentato.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aumento]]

+ * [[aumentabile]]

+ * [[aumentativo]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[autore]]

+ * [[la|augmentum]]

+ * [[la|augeo]]

+ * [[fr|augmenter]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}