rabbia Italian · revision 39144

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=1300–1313, Dante|origins=la rabiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈrab.bja/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rabbia''' ''f'' (plural rabbie)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian also had [[m|roa-oit|rabia]] and [[m|roa-oit|raia]].^(GDLI|15, 178)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-lat|rabia|t=rabies; fury]], recorded in imperial times (Servius) in place of classical [[la|rabiēs|t=madness; rabies]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[fr|rage]], the source of [[en|rage]], and [[oc|rabia]], [[es|rabia]] and [[pt|raiva]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)

+

+ The Latin noun is a derivative of [[m|la|rabiō|t=to rave, to be mad]], a verb of popular character and of Indo-European origin.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) Nocentini and Devoto compare [[sa|रभस्|tr=rabhas|t=violence, impetuosity]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto 1968) De Vaan finds the etymology uncertain: Schrijver rejected the Sanskrit comparison and proposed a link with [[xto|rapurñe|t=desire]], and Iranian verbs of violent motion have also been compared.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ The /bj/ of the Latin word gave the double consonant of the Italian word, the normal Tuscan outcome of a labial before /j/.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Devoto 1968)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Dante (1300–1313) has the word only in the figurative sense of indignation or fury, never for the disease.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) The disease is first named in the 14th-century ''Libro di Mascalcia'', a veterinary treatise.^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Other figurative senses followed in the early 14th century: eagerness or frenzy (Giordano da Pisa, 1305), the fury of inanimate things (Arrigo Simintendi, before 1333), and spite or vexation (Boccaccio, 1348–1353).^(DELI 1999) Petrarch calls the German soldiers ''la tedesca rabbia'', “the German fury”, held back by the Alps.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ The modern language keeps the whole range, from the medical term to mild annoyance (''mi fa rabbia'', ''che rabbia!'') and dogged effort (''studiare con rabbia'').^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) The proverb ''chi tutto vuole, di rabbia muore'' (“he who wants everything dies of rage”) warns against wanting too much.^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020) The derivatives are old too: ''rabbioso'' from the early 13th century, ''arrabbiare'' from the end of the 13th, and the medical ''rabbico'' from 1829.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Early 13th century – The adjective ''rabbioso'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1300–1313 – Dante uses ''rabbia'' for indignation and fury.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1305 – Giordano da Pisa uses it for eagerness or frenzy.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1333 – Arrigo Simintendi uses it for the fury of the elements.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 14th century – The ''Libro di Mascalcia'' names the disease.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1348–1353 – Boccaccio uses it for spite or vexation.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1829 – ''Rabbico'' “of rabies” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(pathology)'' [[m|en|rabies]], a viral disease of mammals, especially dogs and wolves, passed to humans by bites.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # [[m|en|anger]], [[m|en|rage]]: violent irritation, often uncontrolled: ''Ha sbattuto la porta per la rabbia.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Vexation, annoyance, spite: ''Mi fa rabbia perdere il treno per un minuto.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Fierce determination: ''allenarsi con rabbia''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(uncommon)'' Intense craving: ''rabbia di potere''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(literary)'' The fury of natural forces, such as the wind or the sea.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arrabbiare]]

+ * [[rabbico]]

+ * [[rabbioso]]

+ * [[arrabbiato]]

+ * [[arrabbiatura]]

+ * [[arrabbiarsi]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|rabiēs]]

+ * [[fr|rage]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Rabbia silvestre'' is rabies in wild animals;^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GRADIT 2003) ''idrofobia'' is a synonym for the disease.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GRADIT 2003) In the sense of anger the near-synonyms are ''collera'' and ''ira'', and in familiar speech ''bile''.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary) The exclamation ''che rabbia!'' expresses annoyance.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}