arrendersi Italian · revision 39136

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1186, Fabriano document (arrendere)}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /arˈrɛn.der.si/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''arrendersi''' (first-person singular present mi arrèndo, first-person singular past historic mi arrési, past participle arrésosi)^(Wiktionary)

+ The non-pronominal verb [[arrendere]] “to hand over, surrender” is now archaic.^(Wiktionary)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the pronominal form of [[arrendere]], formed [[af|it|a-|rendere|t2=to give back]] with the reinforcing prefix.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) Nocentini notes that the verb is first recorded as a transitive, in the first half of the 13th century.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The TLIO dates the transitive verb earlier still, to a document from Fabriano of 1186.^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record of the pronominal verb, “to give oneself up to the enemy, admit defeat”, is in Giacomino Pugliese at the beginning of the 13th century.^(DELI 1999) Old Italian texts spell the verb in many ways, among them ''arendere'', ''arendare'' and southern ''adrenderimu''.^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used the transitive [[arrendere]] for handing over a town or a stronghold to the enemy;^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Devoto–Oli quotes Guicciardini for this use, now archaic.^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The pronominal verb kept the military sense and widened to giving in to circumstances, to someone else's will or to the evidence, and of things to yielding under pressure, as reeds bend in the wind.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ The adjective [[arrendevole]] “yielding, compliant” is recorded before 1292 in Bono Giamboni, and [[arrendevolezza]] before 1589 in Salviati, though DELI doubts that record.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1186 – ''Arrendere'' appears in a document from Fabriano.^(TLIO)

+ * Early 13th century – Giacomino Pugliese uses ''arrendersi'' “to surrender”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni has ''arrendevole'' “yielding”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1589 – ''Arrendevolezza'' is recorded in Salviati.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|surrender]], to give oneself up to the enemy and stop fighting: ''Dopo tre settimane di assedio la guarnigione si arrese.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(by extension)'' To [[m|en|give in]], stop resisting, admit defeat: ''Non arrenderti alla prima difficoltà.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To yield to something, accept it: ''arrendersi all'evidenza'', to accept the facts.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(uncommon)'' Of things, to bend or give way under a force: ''Il vecchio ponte si arrese alla piena.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arrendevole]]

+ * [[arrendevolezza]]

+ * [[arreso]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rendere]]

+ * [[resa]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Arrendersi a discrezione'' is to surrender unconditionally, at the mercy of the victor.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}