materiale Italian · revision 39110

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1304–1308, Dante, Convivio|origins=la māteria}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ma.teˈrja.le/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''materiale''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural materiali)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-lat|māteriālis|t=of matter, material]], a learned word recorded in Latin in Macrobius.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|2389)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) The Latin adjective is formed from [[m|la|māteria|t=matter; timber]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ālis]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) DEI and the GDLI compare [[fr|matériel]], recorded from the 14th century, and [[en|material]];^(DEI|2389)^(GDLI)^(GRADIT 2003) GRADIT compares [[grc|ὑλικός|tr=hulikós]].^(DEI|2389)^(GDLI)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ [[m|la|māteria]] is traditionally derived from [[m|la|māter|t=mother]] in the sense “source”; its philosophical sense “matter” is a loan from [[grc|ὕλη|tr=húlē|t=wood; matter]], introduced by Cicero.^(Wiktionary) The inherited outcomes of the Latin noun mean “wood”: [[es|madera]] and [[pt|madeira]].^(Wiktionary) Zingarelli dates the Italian adjective from 1268, DELI from Dante (1304–1308).^(Zingarelli 2010)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first records are in Dante's ''Convivio'' (1304–1308), for what belongs to or concerns matter, and for matter as opposed to spirit.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) In one passage Dante says that philosophy has wisdom as its ''subietto materiale'' and love as its form.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Boccaccio already used the adjective for a coarse, clumsy person (1348–1353).^(DELI 1999) In philosophy, from the 17th century, it was opposed to ''formale''.^(DEI|2389) Later senses are “bulky” (before 1705) and “actual, real” (1773).^(DELI 1999) The noun, “material needed for a piece of work”, is first recorded before 1537 in V. Biringuccio, where new ''materiali'' are put in flasks to distil.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|9, 925)

+

+ Phrases of the 19th and 20th centuries set the material against the moral: ''interessi materiali'' for money and the means of living, cited from Gioberti in 1833, ''vita materiale'' (1842), ''necessità materiali'' (1869) and ''lavoro materiale'' for physical work (1945).^(DELI 1999) Derivatives include [[materialità]] (14th century) and the colloquial [[materialone]] (19th century).^(DEI|2389)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1268 – Zingarelli's first date for the word.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ * 1304–1308 – Dante uses ''materiale'' in the ''Convivio''.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1348–1353 – Boccaccio uses it for “coarse, crude”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1537 – Biringuccio uses the noun ''materiale'' “material”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1773 – The sense “actual, real” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1833 – Gioberti writes of ''interessi materiali''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of [[m|en|matter]], made of matter: ''Il mondo materiale obbedisce a leggi fisiche.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # [[m|en|physical]], practical, as opposed to [[spirituale|alt=spiritual]] or intellectual: ''lavoro materiale'', ''bisogni materiali''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Actual, real: ''Non ho avuto il tempo materiale di rispondere.'' ''Autore materiale'': the person who actually committed a crime, as opposed to the one who ordered it.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(philosophy)'' Concerning empirical content, as opposed to formal.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # Of a person, coarse, worldly, interested only in material things; of things, rough, crude.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|material]]: a substance, raw or partly worked, used for making things: ''materiale da costruzione''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # The tools, equipment or documents needed for an activity: ''Ho raccolto molto materiale per la mia tesi.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(uncommon)'' A coarse person.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[materialmente]]

+ * [[immateriale]]

+ * [[materialismo]]

+ * [[materialista]]

+ * [[materialistico]]

+ * [[materialità]]

+ * [[materializzare]]

+ * [[materialone]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[materia]]

+ * [[la|māteria]]

+ * [[es|madera]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}