sfuggire Italian · revision 39107

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=before 1320|origins=la fugiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /sfudˈd͡ʒi.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sfuggire''' (first-person singular present sfùggo, first-person singular past historic sfuggìi, past participle sfuggìto, auxiliary (transitive) avére or (intransitive) èssere)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old forms include [[m|roa-oit|sfogire]], [[m|roa-oit|sfugire]] and [[m|roa-oit|sfuire]].^(GDLI|18, 952)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|it|s-|fuggire]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) The sources read the prefix differently: DELI and Nocentini as marking removal, Sabatini–Coletti as intensive, and the GDLI as [[la|ex-]] with either value.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(GDLI|18, 952) DEI thinks it was perhaps influenced by [[scappare]] and compares Latin [[m|la|effugiō|t=to flee away, escape]] and [[fro|enfuir|alt=s’enfuir]] of the 12th century.^(DEI|3480)

+

+ The base [[fuggire]] continues [[la|fugiō|t=to flee]], from [[itc-pro|*fugjō]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰewg-]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ GRADIT dates the verb from before 1320 and Nocentini from 1324–1328.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Nocentini 2010) The GDLI quotes the Italian version of Guido delle Colonne, where the people of Calabria are said to love the Greeks more than the Latins, whom they avoid as much as they can (''li quali sfugino quanto ponno'').^(GDLI|18, 952) DELI's first record of the transitive sense “to avoid, shun” is in the Italian Crescenzi, about 1350.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The intransitive senses are dated late by DELI: “to slip one's mind” in Paolo Segneri (1673), “to escape from someone or something” in the Milanese press of 1821, and “to slip out by accident”, of things, in Zingarelli's dictionary of 1922.^(DELI 1999) DEI records the old ''sfuggevole'' “fugitive” in the 14th century and the phrase ''alla sfuggita'' “in passing” from the same century.^(DEI|3480)

+

+ In modern Italian the transitive verb (with ''avere'') means to avoid people or things, and the intransitive one (with ''essere'') to escape, to slip from the hands, or to escape notice, as in ''mi sfugge il nome''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1320 – GRADIT's first date for the verb.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1324–1328 – Nocentini's first date.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * c. 1350 – The Italian Crescenzi uses ''sfuggire'' “to avoid”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1673 – Paolo Segneri uses it for “to slip one's mind”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1821 – The sense “to escape from” is recorded in the Milanese press.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1922 – Zingarelli records the sense “to slip out by accident”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|avoid]] a person, keeping away from them: ''Da quando gli deve dei soldi, lo sfugge.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|dodge]] something dangerous or unpleasant, to evade a duty: ''sfuggire le proprie responsabilità''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|escape]] from pursuers: ''Il ladro è sfuggito ai carabinieri.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To escape a danger: ''Sono sfuggiti per poco all’incidente.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To slip from one's hands, or go off by accident: ''Il bicchiere mi è sfuggito di mano.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' Of words, to slip out without thinking: ''Mi è sfuggita una parolaccia.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To escape someone's notice or memory: ''Mi sfugge il suo cognome.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' Of a chance, to be missed: ''lasciarsi sfuggire un’occasione''.^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sfuggente]]

+ * [[sfuggevole]]

+ * [[sfuggita]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fuggire]]

+ * [[fuga]]

+ * [[scappare]]

+ * [[la|effugiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}