deluso Italian · revision 39087

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1348, Ventura Monachi|origins=la lūdus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /deˈlu.zo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''deluso''' (feminine delusa, masculine plural delusi, feminine plural deluse)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the past participle of [[deludere]] “to disappoint”, used as an adjective.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The verb is a learned word, [[bor|la|dēlūdō|t=to mock, make fun of; deceive]], from [[m|la|dē-]] and [[m|la|lūdō|t=to play]], from [[m|la|lūdus|t=game]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) Devoto takes the participle from [[la|dēlūsus]] directly.^(Devoto 1968) The LEI notes that formations from the Latin participle are found only in Italian and in [[frm|delusoire|t=illusory]] (1411).^(LEI|19, 886) The verb also exists in [[fur|delùdi]], [[ca|deludir]], [[es|deludir]] and [[pt|deludir]].^(LEI|19, 886)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is a Florentine poem of Ventura Monachi from 1348, in the sense “deceived”.^(TLIO) Boccaccio, before 1375, uses ''deluso'' for “loosened”.^(TLIO)^(LEI|19, 886) The sense “disappointed” is first recorded at the beginning of the 15th century in Federico Frezzi (DELI: before 1416), whose souls in the ''Quadriregio'' are left “scorned and disappointed” as the grapes withdraw from their mouths.^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|19, 886)^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used the adjective for someone tricked or mocked, and only gradually for someone let down in his hopes.^(TLIO)^(GDLI) The noun [[delusione]] shows the same shift: it meant “illusion” from Boccaccio until the 19th century, and “disappointment” from Leopardi (1817–1832); Tommaseo in 1869 still called this use improper.^(DELI 1999) In modern Italian ''deluso'' is said of a person whose expectations have failed, of hopes that have come to nothing, and of a look that shows disappointment.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses ''deludere''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1348 – Ventura Monachi uses ''deluso'' “deceived”.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1375 – Boccaccio uses ''delusione'' “illusion”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1416 – Federico Frezzi uses ''deluso'' “disappointed”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1817–1832 – Leopardi uses ''delusione'' “disappointment”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1955 – ''Deludente'' “disappointing” is recorded.^(LEI|19, 886)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|disappointed]], let down in one's hopes or expectations: ''Sono rimasto deluso dal finale del romanzo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Of hopes or wishes, that came to nothing: ''sogni delusi''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # Showing disappointment: ''uno sguardo deluso''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # (as a noun) A disappointed person: ''il partito dei delusi''.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[deludere]]

+ * [[delusione]]

+ * [[deludente]]

+ * [[illudere]]

+ * [[la|dēlūdō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}