gola Italian · revision 39074

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=13th century, Uguccione da Lodi|origins=la gula}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈɡo.la/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gola''' ''f'' (plural gole)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|gula|t=throat, gullet; gluttony]], a word that already had the figurative sense “gluttony” in Latin, as early as Sallust.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(DEI|1839) The same word is [[fr|gueule|t=mouth, face]], [[oc|gola]], [[ca|gola]], [[es|gola]], [[pt|gola]], [[sc|bula]], [[fur|gole]], [[dlm|gaula]] and [[ro|gură|t=mouth]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) Nocentini notes that the extension to “mouth” must already have been alive in spoken Latin, and that French went further to “face”.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The Latin word has traditionally been compared with [[sa|गल|tr=gala|t=throat]], [[fa|گلو|tr=galu]] and [[goh|kela]], the ancestor of [[de|Kehle]]; it was derived from [[ine-pro|*gʷel-|t=throat]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan rejects this on phonetic grounds, since such a root would not give the Latin form, and thinks the root may be imitative, perhaps arising separately in each branch.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Devoto too saw the imitation of the sound of swallowing in it.^(Devoto 1968|206)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DEI dates the word to Uguccione da Lodi in the 13th century.^(DEI|1839) DELI's first dated record is Brunetto Latini (before 1294), both for the front of the neck and for the sin of gluttony, ''peccato di gola''.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Dante (1300–1313) uses it for greed for food and for the depth of a ditch, and Fazio degli Uberti (before 1367) for craving in general and for a narrow passage.^(DELI 1999) The anatomical sense, the passage behind the mouth, is first dated in the 14th-century ''Libro di Sydrac''.^(DELI 1999) Leonardo da Vinci uses it for a narrow pass between mountains (before 1519), and Filarete (about 1465) for the S-shaped moulding of architecture, which English took over as ''gola'' (1728).^(DELI 1999)^(DIFIT)

+

+ Later senses include the flue of a chimney, the neck of a vessel and the groove of a pulley (1846).^(GRADIT 2003)^(DELI 1999) The ''gola profonda'', a press informant, is a calque of the English ''Deep Throat'', quoted from Arbasino in 1984.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – Uguccione da Lodi uses the word.^(DEI|1839)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses it for the neck and for gluttony.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1300–1313 – Dante uses it for greed and for a deep chasm.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 14th century – The ''Libro di Sydrac'' uses it for the throat.^(DELI 1999)

+ * About 1465 – Filarete uses it for an architectural moulding.^(DELI 1999)^(DIFIT)

+ * Before 1519 – Leonardo da Vinci uses it for a mountain pass.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1728 – English ''gola'' is recorded in architecture.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1846 – Carena uses it for a groove.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|throat]], the passage behind the mouth through which food and air pass: ''Ho mal di gola da tre giorni.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # The front of the [[collo|alt=neck]]: ''Si mise una sciarpa di lana intorno alla gola.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # [[m|en|gluttony]], greed for food and drink; one of the seven deadly sins: ''Ho mangiato il dolce solo per gola.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A narrow opening or channel: the flue of a chimney, the neck of a bottle, the shaft of a well.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A [[m|en|gorge]], a narrow valley with steep sides: ''le gole del fiume''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(architecture)'' An S-shaped moulding, an [[ogee]].^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(DELI 1999)

+ # ''(mechanics)'' The groove of a pulley or wheel.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[goletta]]

+ * [[goloso]]

+ * [[golosità]]

+ * [[ingolosire]]

+ * [[ingollare]]

+ * [[sgolarsi]]

+ * [[soggolo]]

+ * [[sottogola]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ingolato]]

+ * [[la|gula]]

+ * [[fr|gueule]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Fixed phrases include ''far gola'' “to tempt”, ''avere l'acqua alla gola'' “to be in dire straits”, ''col cuore in gola'' “with one's heart in one's mouth” and ''avere il coltello alla gola'' “to have a knife at one's throat”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) GRADIT records a separate technical ''gola'' (1941), the name of a people of Liberia and Sierra Leone and of their language.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}