protezione Italian · revision 39062

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1309–1310, Sienese statute|origins=la tegō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /pro.tetˈt͡sjo.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''protezione''' ''f'' (plural protezioni)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian spellings include ''proteccione'', ''protectione'', ''protetione'' and ''protezzione''.^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la-lat|prōtectiō|t=protection, shelter]], a learned word.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GDLI) The Latin noun is formed on [[m|la|prōtēctus]], the past participle of [[m|la|prōtegō|t=to cover in front; protect]], with the suffix [[m|la|-tiō]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(OLD 2012)^(Treccani 2011) The verb is a compound of [[m|la|prō-|t=in front]] and [[m|la|tegō|t=to cover]].^(Wiktionary) Tommaseo cites the Latin noun from the Digest and Tertullian.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ The verb [[proteggere]] is from the same Latin verb.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is a Sienese statute of 1309–1310, where the word names the duty of one who defends those under his authority, or that authority itself.^(TLIO) DELI and GRADIT date it before 1321, from Dante, whose ''Paradiso'' places Calahorra “under the protection of the great shield” of Castile.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old Italian the word was used especially of God or a saint watching over people; the GDLI's first sense is this divine protection, with examples from translations of Gregory the Great to Savonarola.^(TLIO)^(GDLI) From the 17th century patrons gave their ''protezione'' to scholars and artists, as Cosimo III of Tuscany did.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ DELI dates the sense “favour, partiality” before 1799.^(DELI 1999) In the 20th century the word came to name the ''protection'' that organised crime forces on shopkeepers and businesses in return for money, and the money itself.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) Technical senses followed: the defences of a warship, the coating of a surface, and in computing the means that keep data from being changed or copied.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010) The ''protezione civile'' is the state service for disasters and also the body that runs it.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1309–1310 – A Sienese statute is the first record.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses ''protezion'' in the ''Paradiso''.^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+ * Before 1799 – Giovanni Bocalosi uses it for favouritism.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of protecting or of being protected; [[m|en|shelter]], defence: ''Questa crema offre una buona protezione dal sole.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Something that protects, such as a cover, screen or guard: ''Prima di saldare, abbassa la protezione.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # Help and care given to someone weak or in need; [[tutela|alt=guardianship]]: ''Il ragazzo fu affidato alla protezione dello zio.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # The safeguarding of something by law or by an organisation: ''la protezione dell'ambiente''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # Support for the arts and sciences; [[patronage]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(derogatory)'' [[favoritismo|alt=Favouritism]], string-pulling: ''Ha fatto strada grazie a qualche protezione.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # The ''protection'' that criminals impose on businesses in return for money; also the money paid.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(computing)'' A device or procedure that prevents data or programs from being changed, deleted or copied.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[protezionismo]]

+ * [[protezionista]]

+ * [[protezionistico]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[proteggere]]

+ * [[protettore]]

+ * [[la|protectio]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Protezione civile'' is the civil protection service, organised by the state for natural disasters and other emergencies, and the body in charge of it.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}