nascere Italian · revision 39061

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 12th century, Ritmo laurenziano|origins=ine-pro *ǵenh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈnaʃ.ʃe.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nascere''' (first-person singular present nàsco, first-person singular past historic nàcqui, past participle nàto, auxiliary èssere)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian also had the past participles ''nasciuto'' and ''nascuto'';^(GDLI)^(Zingarelli 2010) ''nasciare'' is a Sienese form.^(GDLI)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-vul|*nāscō|alt=*nāscere]], the spoken form of classical [[m|la|nāscor|alt=nāscī|t=to be born]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI)^(Prati 1951|691) The deponent verb of written Latin was replaced in speech by an active form, which DÉRom reconstructs for Proto-Romance;^(DÉRom)^(DEI|2549) DEI notes that it already appears in Cato.^(DÉRom)^(DEI|2549) The present and future participles of the Latin verb, [[m|la|nāscēns|alt=nascentem]] and [[m|la|nāsciturus|alt=nasciturum]], survive in the learned [[nascente]] and [[nascituro]].^(DELI 1999)^(Prati 1951|691)

+

+ The verb is pan-Romance: [[fr|naître]], [[pro|naiser]], [[ca|naixer]], [[es|nacer]], [[pt|nascer]], [[sc|nàschere]] and [[ro|naște]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) The Latin verb goes back to an older form with initial ⟨gn-⟩, still seen in the old form [[m|la|gnātus|t=son]]; it is an inchoative with the suffix [[m|la|-scō]] from [[ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-|t=to beget, give birth]], the root of [[m|la|gignō|t=to beget]] and [[m|la|genus]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Nocentini 2010) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*gnāsk-e/o-]] and compares [[xtg|Cintugnātus|t=first-born]], a name and [[grc|κασίγνητος|tr=kasígnētos|t=brother, sister]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is the Ritmo laurenziano at the end of the 12th century, in the sense “to come into the world”.^(DELI 1999) Giacomo da Lentini signs one poem as the notary “who is born of Lentini” (''ch'è nato da Lentino''), and the Ritmo di sant'Alessio says “when the child was born” (''foe natu'').^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Before 1300 the verb was said of plants, which sprout (Guido Cavalcanti), and, from the end of the 13th century the ''Novellino'' uses it for things that arise or begin.^(DELI 1999) Old texts often used ''essere nato'' in the passive form ''fui nato'', “I was born”, as Dante does in the ''Inferno''.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The modern dictionaries add rivers that rise, stars that rise, teeth and hair that grow and feelings that spring up.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ Many phrases speak of luck at birth: ''nascere con la camicia'', “to be born with a caul”, and ''nascere sotto una buona stella'' mean to be lucky, while ''non sono nato ieri'' means “I'm not naive”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) The noun ''nascita'' is recorded before 1597, and ''atto di nascita'', the birth certificate, imitates French [[m|fr|acte de naissance]].^(DELI 1999) The infinitive is used as a noun, as in ''sul nascere'' “at the outset”, from the 16th century.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th century – The Ritmo laurenziano uses ''nascere'' “to be born”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1250 – GRADIT's first date.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1294 – ''Nascimento'' “birth” appears in Brunetto Latini.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1300 – Guido Cavalcanti uses it of plants.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Late 13th century – The ''Novellino'' uses it for things that begin.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1597 – ''Nascita'' “birth” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1795 – ''Atto della nascita'' “birth certificate” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # Of people and animals, to be [[m|en|born]]: ''Mio nonno è nato in un paesino delle Marche.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # With a predicate, to have a quality from birth: ''Pittori si nasce.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To be descended from: ''nascere da genitori contadini''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # Of plants, to [[m|en|sprout]] or come up; of flowers, to open: ''Nell'orto sono nati i primi piselli.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Of teeth, hair and the like, to grow; of a lesion, to form.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # Of a river, to [[m|en|rise]]: ''Il fiume nasce da una sorgente in montagna.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # Of the sun or a star, to rise.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Of a feeling, idea or event, to arise, begin: ''Tra loro è nata una bella amicizia.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # Birth, beginning, mostly in ''al nascere'', ''sul nascere'', ''dal nascere'': ''un litigio soffocato sul nascere''.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nascimento]]

+ * [[nascita]]

+ * [[nascente]]

+ * [[nascituro]]

+ * [[rinascita]]

+ * [[rinascere]]

+ * [[rinascenza]]

+ * [[rinascimento]]

+ * [[nato]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[natale]]

+ * [[nativo]]

+ * [[natura]]

+ * [[nazione]]

+ * [[la|nascor]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Nascere'' takes ''essere'' in compound tenses; its past participle is ''nato'' and its past historic ''nacqui''.^(Wiktionary)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Set phrases include ''nascere con la camicia'' “to be born lucky”, ''non sono nato ieri'' “I wasn't born yesterday” and ''vedere nascere qualcuno'' “to have known someone since birth”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}