fastidio Italian · revision 39052

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=13th century, Patecchio's Splanamento}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fasˈti.djo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fastidio''' ''m'' (plural fastidi)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian also had [[m|roa-oit|fastiggio]] and [[m|roa-oit|fastio]], and dialect texts the plural ''fastidia''.^(GDLI)^(TLIO) Northern forms include Old Paduan ''fastubio'' and Parmesan ''fastüdi''.^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a learned word, [[bor|la|fastīdium|t=nausea, disgust, aversion]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(DEI|1603) The Latin noun is usually explained as [[m|la|fastus|t=pride, disdain]] crossed with [[m|la|taedium|t=weariness, boredom]]; the OLD and Wiktionary reconstruct an older [[m|la|*fastitidium]] or [[m|la|*fastutīdium]] shortened by haplology, and Devoto explains it the same way.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Treccani 2011)^(Devoto 1968) Nocentini calls the analysis probable and Sabatini–Coletti marks it with a “perhaps”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) De Vaan lists the noun, with [[m|la|fastīdiōsus]] and [[m|la|fastīdiō|alt=fastīdīre]], among the derivatives of the word for pride.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ The Latin word also lived on in popular forms: [[scn|fastiu]] “dung”, [[sc|fastiziu]], Old French and Old Occitan [[m|fro|fasti]], [[ca|fàstic]], [[es|hastío]] and [[pt|fastio]].^(REW 1935)^(DEI|1603) DEI and Körting add that [[fr|fâcher]] and Old Occitan [[m|pro|fastigar]] presuppose a verb [[la-vul|*fastīdicō]].^(DEI|1603)^(Körting 1907)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the ''Splanamento'' of Patecchio of Cremona (13th century); DELI's is Bono Giamboni (before 1292), for a feeling of annoyance and unease, and Zingarelli dates the word to 1268.^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)^(Zingarelli 2010) Giamboni writes that people always think the things to come better than the present ones, out of ''fastidio'' for what they have.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used the word for many kinds of displeasure: an unpleasant situation or an annoying act, waste matter and filth, a refusal to endure something, irritation and anxiety, nausea and stomach upset, an itch, and a general contempt.^(TLIO) Giovanni Villani (before 1348) uses it for an act that causes trouble.^(DELI 1999) Petrarch speaks of the ''fastidii'' of which life is full, and Boccaccio of praise so endless that it was a ''fastidio'' to hear.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The sense “haughtiness” survives in Ariosto, whose lady is full of pride and disdain.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ Today the word means above all annoyance and bother, especially in ''dare fastidio'' “to bother”, and in the plural troubles and worries, including trouble with the law; in the north it also means a slight physical ailment.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The senses “filth” and “lice” are archaic or euphemistic.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – Patecchio of Cremona's ''Splanamento'' has the first record.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses ''fastidio'' and ''fastidioso''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1348 – Giovanni Villani uses it for an act that causes trouble.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 14th century – ''Infastidire'' is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 16th century – French borrows it as ''fastide'', now obsolete.^(DIFIT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|annoyance]], [[disagio|alt=unease]]: the feeling caused by something one finds hard to bear: ''La musica alta dei vicini mi dà fastidio.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # [[noia|alt=Weariness]], aversion, disgust: ''Ormai provo fastidio per le sue lamentele.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A thing that causes trouble or worry, a [[seccatura|alt=nuisance]]; in the plural also trouble with someone or with the law: ''Quel lavoro gli ha portato solo fastidi.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # A slight physical [[malessere|alt=discomfort]] or ailment; nausea: ''Dopo pranzo ha sentito un leggero fastidio allo stomaco.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(literary)'' Haughtiness, disdain.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(archaic)'' Filth, rubbish.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fastidioso]]

+ * [[infastidire]]

+ * [[fastidire]]

+ * [[fastidiare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tedio]]

+ * [[fasto]]

+ * [[la|fastidium]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Dare fastidio'' is the usual way to say “to bother, annoy”: ''ti dà fastidio la radio?'' asks whether the radio bothers the listener.^(Treccani 2011)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) In literary use ''darsi fastidio'' means to take trouble over something.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}