finora Italian · revision 39048

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=late 13th century, Neri de' Visdomini}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fiˈno.ra/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''finora''' (invariable), also written ''fin ora'' or ''fino ad ora''.^(Wiktionary)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ Old Italian also wrote ''finor'' and ''fine ora''.^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound [[af|it|fino|ora]], the phrase meaning “until now” written as one word.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(DEI|1648) Sabatini–Coletti and Devoto–Oli derive it from the phrase with the preposition ⟨a⟩, later dropped; the GDLI calls it a compound by juxtaposition of [[fino]] and [[ora]].^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(GDLI)^(Devoto 1968) DEI lists the variants written separately, with and without the preposition, and the forms with ⟨da⟩ “from”, meaning “from now on”.^(DEI|1648)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in the Florentine poet Neri de' Visdomini, in the second half of the 13th century;^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)^(Zingarelli 2010) DELI and the GDLI quote Bonagiunta Monaco (14th century), whose heart has suffered “until now” for his lady, and Zingarelli dates the word to 1313.^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used the word in two directions of time: “up to this moment” and “from this moment, already”, and also as a conjunction “until”.^(TLIO) The second sense is Dante's ''Finor t'assolvo'', “I absolve you from now on”, in the ''Inferno''; it is now archaic and literary.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Ariosto and Leopardi still use it, but the modern word means only “so far, up to now”.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 13th century – Neri de' Visdomini uses ''finora''.^(TLIO)

+ * 1313 – Zingarelli's date of first record.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses ''finor'' in the sense “from now on”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ * 14th century – Bonagiunta Monaco uses it for “until now”.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # So far, up to now, [[m|en|hitherto]]: ''Finora nessuno si è lamentato.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(archaic, literary)'' From now on, already: Dante's ''Finor t'assolvo''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fino]]

+ * [[ora]]

+ * [[sinora]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Sinora'' has the same meaning.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}