stomaco Italian · revision 39037

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1268, Andrea da Grosseto|origins=grc στόμα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈstɔ.ma.ko/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stomaco''' ''m'' (plural stomaci or stomachi)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian forms include [[m|roa-oit|stomacho]], [[m|roa-oit|stommaco]] and northern [[m|roa-oit|stomego]], [[m|roa-oit|stomago]] and [[m|roa-oit|stomeg]].^(TLIO)^(GDLI) Tuscan has [[m|it|stombaco]], with an inserted /b/ as in ''gombito''.^(DEI|3640)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|stomachus|t=gullet; stomach; taste; irritation]], a learned word.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) DEI notes that it is learned everywhere, even in the dialects, and Körting says the same of all its Romance forms.^(DEI|3640)^(Körting 1907) The Latin word is from [[grc|στόμαχος|tr=stómakhos|t=gullet; mouth of the stomach; stomach]], formed from [[m|grc|στόμα|tr=stóma|t=mouth]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Latin used the word for the gullet and then the stomach, and also for taste, liking, irritation and anger, with the verb [[m|la|stomachor|t=to be annoyed]].^(DELI 1999) The same learned word is [[fr|estomac]], [[ca|estómac]], [[es|estómago]] and [[pt|estômago]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) In the dialects of northern Italy, Friuli and France it often means “chest”;^(REW 1935)^(DEI|3640) DEI explains the shift by competition with [[magone]].^(REW 1935)^(DEI|3640) The forms [[lmo|stombèc]] of the Valtellina and [[m|lmo|stomèc]] of Bergamo have moved the stress.^(DEI|3640)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is Andrea da Grosseto's Tuscan translation of Albertano of Brescia, 1268, for the organ of digestion in people and animals.^(TLIO) DELI's first date is Bono Giamboni, before 1292.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian medicine spoke of a ''stomaco flemmatico'' or ''ventoso'', and the stomach was already the seat of disgust and dislike: ''avere in stomaco'' meant to be nauseated by something, and ''portare sopra stomaco'' to bear someone ill will.^(TLIO)^(Zingarelli 2010) The word could also mean the outside of the belly or the breast.^(TLIO)^(GRADIT 2003) The sense “indignation”, close to Latin usage, is recorded in Bernardo Davanzati in the 16th century.^(DEI|3640)^(Prati 1951|953)

+

+ The sense “ability to put up with disgusting or tiresome people and things” is dated before 1729, in Anton Maria Salvini.^(DELI 1999) In colloquial use it has come to mean nerve, cheek, as in having the stomach to say something outrageous.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010) Derivatives include ''stomachevole'' “nauseating” (before 1375, Boccaccio) and the verb ''stomacare'' “to sicken” (before 1484).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1268 – Andrea da Grosseto uses the word.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni has ''stomaco''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1375 – Boccaccio uses ''stomachevole''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1484 – Feo Belcari uses ''stomacare'' “to feel sick”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 16th century – Davanzati uses the word for indignation.^(DEI|3640)

+ * Before 1729 – Salvini uses it for the ability to tolerate unpleasant things.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(anatomy)'' The [[m|en|stomach]]: the organ of the digestive system between the [[esofago|alt=oesophagus]] and the intestine, where food is first digested: ''Stasera ho un po' di mal di stomaco.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # The part of the body over the stomach, the belly: ''Ha preso una gomitata allo stomaco.''.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(figurative)'' The ability to put up with unpleasant, disgusting or tiresome people or situations: ''Ci vuole un bello stomaco per lavorare con lui.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' [[m|en|nerve]], cheek: ''Ha avuto lo stomaco di chiedermi altri soldi.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(archaic)'' Indignation, scorn.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[stomacale]]

+ * [[stomacare]]

+ * [[stomachevole]]

+ * [[stomachico]]

+ * [[controstomaco]]

+ * [[stomachino]]

+ * [[stomacuccio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stoma]]

+ * [[gastrico]]

+ * [[la|stomachus]]

+ * [[grc|στόμαχος|tr=stómakhos]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Many idioms use the word: ''dare di stomaco'' “to vomit”, ''avere qualcuno sullo stomaco'' “to be unable to stand someone”, ''avere il pelo sullo stomaco'' “to be ruthless”, and ''a stomaco vuoto'' “on an empty stomach”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) The plural is ''stomaci'' or ''stomachi''.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}