fidare Italian · revision 39032

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=12th century|origins=ine-pro *bʰeydʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fiˈda.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fidare''' (first-person singular present fìdo, first-person singular past historic fidài, past participle fidàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian also had [[m|roa-oit|fedare]].^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-vul|*fīdō|alt=*fīdāre|t=to trust]], a first-conjugation remodelling of [[la|fīdō|alt=fīdere|t=to trust]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary)^(GRADIT 2003)^(DEI|1634) Devoto–Oli, Gabrielli, Treccani and Devoto explain the Vulgar Latin verb rather as formed on the adjective [[m|la|fīdus|t=faithful]], the source of [[fido]].^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Treccani 2011)^(Devoto 1968) DEI compares the noun [[m|la|fīdāmen]] in Tertullian.^(DEI|1634)

+

+ The verb is panromance except in Romanian: [[fr|fier]], [[pro|fizar]], [[ca|fiar]], [[es|fiar]], [[pt|fiar]] and Engadine [[m|rm|fider]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)^(DEI|1634) Derivatives such as [[fidanza]] and [[fidanzare]] have counterparts in [[fr|fiance]] and [[fr|fiancer]], and [[sfidare]] in [[fr|défier]] and [[es|desafiar]].^(REW 1935)

+

+ The Latin verb, the adjective [[m|la|fīdus]] and the noun [[m|la|fidēs|t=trust]] (the source of [[fede]]) go back to the Proto-Indo-European root [[m|ine-pro|*bʰeydʰ-|t=to trust]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010) The root is also found in [[grc|πείθομαι|tr=peíthomai|t=to be persuaded, obey]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010) Nocentini and de Vaan also compare [[got|𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=bidjan|t=to pray, ask]] or [[m|got|𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽|tr=beidan|t=to wait]] respectively.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Nocentini and Devoto–Oli date the verb to the 12th century.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Zingarelli has it before 1257 and GRADIT about 1274.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GRADIT 2003) DELI's first record of the reflexive ''fidarsi'' “to have faith, trust” is in Brunetto Latini (before 1294), and of the transitive ''fidare'' “to entrust” in Boccaccio, about 1336.^(DELI 1999) Sabatini–Coletti dates the pronominal use to the 13th century.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From “entrust” the transitive verb developed commercial senses: to give goods or money on credit, and, rarely, to let a pasture for grazing; a ''fida'' (1492) was a grazing lease.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Nocentini 2010) An archaic sense was “to guarantee safe conduct”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Cellini asks the Pope how he can entrust jewels of such value to a young man who is all fire.^(GDLI)

+

+ In modern Italian the transitive verb is uncommon or literary, replaced by [[affidare]]; the intransitive ''fidare in'' “to trust in” survives (''fidare in Dio''), and the everyday form is the pronominal ''fidarsi di'' “to trust”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) Colloquially, ''non mi fido a'' means “I don't dare to”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 12th century – ''Fidare'' is first recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses ''fidarsi'' “to trust”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * About 1336 – Boccaccio uses ''fidare'' “to entrust”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1492 – ''Fida'' “grazing lease” is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1781 – ''Fido'' “credit” is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1836 – ''Fidente'' “trusting” is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive, uncommon or literary)'' To [[affidare|alt=entrust]] something or someone to another's care: ''Le fidò le chiavi di casa prima di partire.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(transitive, commerce)'' To give on [[m|en|credit]]: ''Il fornitore gli ha fidato una partita di vino.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(transitive, rare)'' To let land for grazing.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To have faith, [[confidare|alt=trust]] (+ ''in''): ''fidare nella propria buona stella''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(pronominal: ''fidarsi'')'' To trust, rely on (+ ''di''): ''Puoi fidarti di lei, è una persona seria.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(pronominal, colloquial)'' To dare, feel able to do something (+ ''a'' or ''di'' and infinitive): ''Non mi fido a guidare con questa nebbia.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fidato]]

+ * [[fidarsi]]

+ * [[affidare]]

+ * [[confidare]]

+ * [[diffidare]]

+ * [[fidanza]]

+ * [[fidente]]

+ * [[fida]]

+ * [[fidatezza]]

+ * [[rifidare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fidanzare]]

+ * [[fede]]

+ * [[fido]]

+ * [[fiducia]]

+ * [[la|fīdō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The proverb ''fidarsi è bene, non fidarsi è meglio'' “to trust is good, not to trust is better” advises caution.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) The past participle ''fidato'' is used as an adjective, “trusty, reliable”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}