senatore Italian · revision 39021

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=mid-13th century, Miracole de Roma|origins=la senex}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /se.naˈto.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''senatore''' ''m'' (plural senatori, feminine senatrice)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian forms include [[m|roa-oit|sanatore]], [[m|roa-oit|senadore]] and [[m|roa-oit|senaturi]].^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|senātor|t=member of the senate]], a learned word.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(DEI|3452) The Latin noun is formed on [[m|la|senātus|t=senate]] with the agent suffix [[m|la|-tor]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The senate was originally the assembly of elders: the Latin word comes from [[m|la|senex|t=old man]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) De Vaan traces that word to [[itc-pro|*seno-]] and [[ine-pro|*sen-|t=old]], and notes that Oscan borrowed the Latin word for the senate.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ The same learned word is [[fr|sénateur]] and [[es|senador]].^(Nocentini 2010) The adjective [[senatoriale]] comes from [[fr|sénatorial]] (1518).^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|3452)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the Roman ''Miracole de Roma'', from the middle of the 13th century.^(TLIO) DELI's first record is Brunetto Latini, before 1294, who gives the example of a senator asking whether an army should be sent into Macedonia.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|18, 618)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used the word for the members of the ancient Roman senate and of the councils of medieval cities; in medieval Rome the senator was the supreme city magistrate, like a podestà.^(TLIO)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Giovanni Villani tells how Romulus chose a hundred of the oldest and best men as counsellors, calling them conscript fathers and ''sanatori''.^(GDLI|18, 618)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ With the senate of the Statuto albertino in 1848, the word came to name a member of the upper house of the Italian parliament.^(DELI 1999) Jocular senses followed: an elderly, respected person, and in sport a veteran player;^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Gabrielli 2020) Zingarelli in 1973 recorded an athlete grown rich and famous who no longer has the will to win.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Mid-13th century – ''Senatore'' appears in the ''Miracole de Roma''.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses it for a Roman senator.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1348 – Giovanni Villani writes ''sanatori''.^(GDLI|18, 618)

+ * 1518 – French ''sénatorial'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1848 – The Statuto albertino creates the senate of the Kingdom of Sardinia.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1973 – Zingarelli records the sporting sense.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|senator]], a member of the senate of ancient Rome or of another state of the classical, medieval or modern age.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # A member of the [[senato|alt=senate]] of a modern state with two chambers: ''È stato eletto senatore nella sua regione.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(history)'' In the Middle Ages, a title of high city offices.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(jocular)'' An elderly person with authority; in sport, a veteran member of a team.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[senatoriale]]

+ * [[senatorio]]

+ * [[senatrice]]

+ * [[senatoressa]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[senato]]

+ * [[senile]]

+ * [[la|senex]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A ''senatore a vita'' is a life senator, appointed by the President of the Republic or a former president by right.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) The feminine is ''senatrice''.^(Wiktionary)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}