pavimento Italian · revision 39020

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=mid-13th century, Miracole de Roma|origins=la paviō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /pa.viˈmen.to/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pavimento''' ''m'' (plural pavimenti)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|pavīmentum|t=beaten earth floor; pavement]], a learned word.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(DEI|2810) The Latin noun is formed on [[m|la|paviō|t=to beat, to ram]] with the suffix [[m|la|-mentum]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(DELI 1999) The inherited outcomes of the Latin word are [[roa-oit|palmiento]], now [[palmento]] “press-room, millstone”, and [[ro|pământ|t=earth]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary)^(REW 1935) Elsewhere it gave [[fro|pavement]], [[es|pavimiento]] and [[ca|paviment]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) From French comes [[en|pavement]].^(DEI|2810)

+

+ De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*pawje/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*ph₂u-ie/o-|t=to hit]] for the Latin verb, and compares [[grc|παίω|tr=paíō|t=to strike]] and [[lt|pjáuti|t=to cut]].^(de Vaan 2008) Nocentini also compares Latin [[m|la|paveō|t=to tremble with fear]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the Roman ''Miracole de Roma'', from the middle of the 13th century, for a paved surface of a building or a street.^(TLIO) DELI's first record is Dante, before 1321: “Mostrava ancor lo duro pavimento” (“the hard pavement showed also”), of the carved floor in ''Purgatorio'' XII.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|12, 875)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used the word for the paved floor of a building or a street, and by extension for the storey of a building.^(TLIO) The commentator Francesco da Buti glossed it as a learned word meaning “paved”.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GDLI) Renaissance writers distinguished floors of terrazzo, brick and stone, and Palladio describes the Venetian terrazzo floor of crushed tile and fine gravel.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ At the end of the 19th century purists such as Arlìa (1884) wanted the word kept for rooms, and condemned ''pavimentare'' and ''pavimentazione'' for streets as Gallicisms; streets were to be ''lastricate'' or ''selciate''.^(DELI 1999) Technical senses followed in anatomy, for the floor of the mouth or the pelvis, and in geography, for the deep ocean floor.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Mid-13th century – ''Pavimento'' appears in the ''Miracole de Roma''.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses it in the ''Purgatorio''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1556 – Daniele Barbaro uses ''pavimentare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1866 – Carducci uses ''pavimentazione''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1884 – Arlìa condemns ''pavimentare'' for streets.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|floor]] of a room or indoor space, usually covered with tiles, marble or wood: ''Abbiamo rifatto il pavimento del bagno.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # The floor of a [[veicolo|alt=vehicle]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(anatomy)'' The lower wall or layer of some organs: ''il pavimento della bocca'', ''il pavimento pelvico''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(geography)'' ''Pavimento abissale'': the deep [[oceano|alt=ocean]] floor.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pavimentare]]

+ * [[pavimentazione]]

+ * [[pavimentatore]]

+ * [[pavimentale]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[palmento]]

+ * [[pavé]]

+ * [[la|pavimentum]]

+ * [[en|pavement]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The TLIO records a rare Old Italian ''pavimento'' meaning “fear”, from [[m|la|paveō]], in Francesco da Buti (1385–1395).^(TLIO) A ''pavimento galleggiante'' is a raised floor of removable panels with cables underneath.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}