patto Italian · revision 39007

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=13th century, Elegia giudeo-italiana|origins=ine-pro *peh₂ḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈpat.to/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''patto''' ''m'' (plural patti)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian also wrote [[m|roa-oit|pacto]] and [[m|roa-oit|pato]].^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|pactum|t=agreement, covenant]], which DELI treats as a learned word.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) The Latin noun is the past participle, used as a noun, of [[m|la|pacīscor|t=to make an agreement]], and shares its root with [[m|la|pāx|t=peace]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Devoto 1968) Devoto connects it with an archaic verb found in the Twelve Tables.^(Devoto 1968) Wiktionary traces the root to [[ine-pro|*peh₂ḱ-|t=to fix, settle]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ DEI notes that the Latin noun was very common in the Medieval Latin of Italy from the 8th to the 10th century.^(DEI|2808) German borrowed the Latin word twice: [[de|Pacht]] “lease” from the plural [[la-vul|*pācta]], through [[goh|pfahta]], and later [[m|de|Pakt]] “pact” from the classical form.^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|2808)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in the ''Elegia giudeo-italiana'' of the 13th century, in the sense “an agreement or covenant between two or more parties”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Derivatives followed early: [[pattuire]] (as ''pattovire'') is in Bono Giamboni before 1292, and [[patteggiare]] “to negotiate, come to terms” in Dino Compagni in 1310–1312;^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) ''pattuire'' in its modern spelling is in Guicciardini, before 1540.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) Dante uses ''patteggiare''.^(Prati 1951)

+

+ Zingarelli quotes Ariosto for the old phrase ''tenere il patto'', to keep an agreement.^(Zingarelli 2010) In modern Italian ''patto'' is also a legal term, a clause or a binding agreement, and the name of solemn international treaties such as the ''Patto Atlantico'' and the ''Patto di Varsavia''.^(GRADIT 2003) The plural ''patti'' means terms or conditions: ''a patto che'' “on condition that”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – The ''Elegia giudeo-italiana'' uses ''patto''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni has ''pattovire'' “to agree on”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1310–1312 – Dino Compagni uses ''patteggiare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1311 – ''Patteggiamento'' is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * Before 1540 – Guicciardini writes ''pattuire''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1950 – ''Pattuizione'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|pact]], [[m|en|agreement]] between two or more parties: ''I due soci hanno stretto un patto.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' An agreement that creates a legal bond; a clause or particular condition in a contract.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # A solemn international [[m|en|treaty]]: ''il patto di non aggressione''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # An agreement between political or trade-union forces.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # A condition on which an agreement depends, ''i patti'', the terms: ''Ti presto la macchina, ma a una condizione: questi sono i patti.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[patteggiare]]

+ * [[patteggiamento]]

+ * [[pattuire]]

+ * [[pattuizione]]

+ * [[pattizio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pace]]

+ * [[la|pactum]]

+ * [[de|Pakt]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Set phrases include ''a patto che'' “provided that”, ''scendere a patti'' “to come to terms”, ''stare ai patti'' “to keep to the agreement”, ''fare un patto col diavolo'' and the proverb ''patti chiari, amicizia lunga'', clear agreements make for long friendships.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) A separate Tuscan ''patto'' means litter, the coarse straw spread for animals to lie on; the GDLI derives it from a past participle of [[m|la|pangō]].^(DEI|2808)^(GDLI)^(Prati 1951)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}