paradiso Italian · revision 39006

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 12th century, Ritmo laurenziano|origins=ae pairidaēza}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /pa.raˈdi.zo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''paradiso''' ''m'' (plural paradisi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a learned word, [[bor|la-lat|paradisus|alt=paradīsus]], from [[grc|παράδεισος|tr=parádeisos|t=garden, park]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The Greek word is Iranian: [[peo|*paridaiza]], the same as [[ae|pairidaēza|t=enclosure]], a compound of [[m|ae|pairi|t=around]] and [[m|ae|daēza|t=wall]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Devoto 1968) DEI, Nocentini and the GDLI connect the second part with the root of [[grc|τεῖχος|tr=teîkhos|t=wall]] and [[la|fingō|t=to shape]], [[ine-pro|*dʰeyǵʰ-]].^(DEI|2766)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GDLI)

+

+ In Latin it meant a park (Gellius), then the earthly paradise in Jerome's Bible and the abode of the blessed in Tertullian.^(DEI|2766) The Greek Bible had used the word for the garden of Eden, and the religious sense passed through [[hbo|פַּרְדֵּס|tr=pardēs]];^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|2766)^(GDLI)^(GRADIT 2003) GRADIT sees the Greek as a rendering of the Hebrew “garden of Eden”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|2766)^(GDLI)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ The word is found in almost all the Romance languages but not in Romanian: [[fr|paradis]], [[es|paraíso]], [[pt|paraíso]], [[pro|parazis]].^(DEI|2766)^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) [[nap|paraviso]] and [[fr|parvis|t=church forecourt]] have ⟨v⟩ for ⟨d⟩, which Meyer-Lübke and DEI put down to the spirant pronunciation of /d/ in Byzantine Greek.^(REW 1935)^(DEI|2766) Through Church Latin the word also reached [[goh|paradīs]] and [[enm|paradise]].^(DEI|2766)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is ''paradis'' in the ''Ritmo laurenziano'' at the end of the 12th century;^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) ''paradiso'' appears before 1250 in Giacomo da Lentini.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) The sense is the theological one: the state of eternal bliss of the just who after death see God, and the place where they enjoy it.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian also used ''paradiso'' in its first sense, a pleasant garden, and Brunetto Latini wrote of Adam and Eve being sent ''fuora del Paradiso'', out of the earthly paradise.^(DEI|2766)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Dante made it the name of the third part of the ''Commedia''.^(GRADIT 2003) The figurative “delightful place” is dated before 1543 (Firenzuola), and the state of perfect happiness, as in ''sentirsi in paradiso'', follows from it.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ The word gained technical senses: from 1283 at Venice a cabin on the deck of a galley, in medieval architecture the arcaded courtyard in front of a basilica, and in the 18th-century theatre the top gallery.^(DEI|2766)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) The ''paradisea'', the bird of paradise, is named for its beauty (1829).^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) ''Paradisi artificiali'', the bliss produced by drugs, comes from the title of Baudelaire's ''Les paradis artificiels'' (1861), and ''paradiso fiscale'', a tax haven, is recorded from 1973.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

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+ From the 14th century ''paradiso'' is also an adjective for early, especially sweet varieties of fruit, ''mele paradise'', ''uva paradisa''.^(DEI|2766)^(GDLI)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) German ''Paradiesapfel'' “tomato” is a borrowing of this Italian use.^(DEI|2766)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th century – ''paradis'' in the ''Ritmo laurenziano''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1250 – Giacomo da Lentini uses ''paradiso''.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1283 – At Venice the word names a cabin on the deck of a galley.^(DEI|2766)

+ * 14th century – the adjective for choice fruit appears.^(DEI|2766)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1543 – Firenzuola uses it for any delightful place.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1829 – ''paradisea'', the bird of paradise, is recorded.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1973 – ''paradiso fiscale'' is first recorded.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(religion)'' In Christian belief, the place of eternal [[m|en|bliss]] where the souls of the just go after death; also the state of seeing God: ''pregare per le anime del paradiso''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # In other religions, the place or condition of lasting happiness of the dead: ''il paradiso promesso dal Corano''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # The representation of that place by a writer or artist; with a capital letter, the third part of Dante's ''Commedia''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A state of perfect happiness: ''Con te accanto mi sento in paradiso.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A delightful place: ''Quest'isola è un vero paradiso.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # An ideal place for a group with particular interests: ''un paradiso per chi ama la vela''.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''Paradiso terrestre'': the garden of [[m|en|Eden]], where Adam and Eve lived.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''Paradiso fiscale'': a [[m|en|tax haven]].^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(architecture)'' The arcaded courtyard in front of an early Christian or Romanesque church.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(nautical, historical)'' On 16th- and 17th-century sailing ships, the cabin on the upper deck used as living quarters.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(invariable)'' Of varieties of fruit with a particularly pleasant taste: ''un fico paradiso''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[paradisiaco]]

+ * [[paradisea]]

+ * [[imparadisare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|paradisus]]

+ * [[grc|παράδεισος|tr=parádeisos]]

+ * [[fr|paradis]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases are ''andare in paradiso'' (to die), ''avere qualche santo in paradiso'' (to have friends in high places) and ''stare in paradiso a dispetto dei santi'' (to stay where one is not wanted).^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}