hostia Latin · revision 3900

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=Ennius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈhɔs.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔs.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hostia''' ''f'' (genitive hostiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Festus connects it with [[m|la|hostīre|t=to strike]], so that it would be “the one struck”, and the TLL allows a link with [[m|la|hostīre]] and [[hostis]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(TLL) Wiktionary instead derives it from [[ine-pro|*ǵʰostiyo-]], from [[ine-pro|*ǵʰes-|t=hand]].^(Wiktionary) Festus also records an archaic form [[m|la|fostia]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's first source is Ennius (204–169 BC).^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant an animal offered in sacrifice, a victim, ''hostia maior'' a full-grown one, as in Cicero's Laws, which also name the ''hostia lactens'', a suckling victim.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It was usually an expiatory sacrifice whose entrails the haruspices read, as distinct from ''victima''.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Christian Latin it was the eucharistic sacrifice, the consecrated bread, the Host.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary) English ''host'' “consecrated bread” came from it around 1300.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero writes of suckling and full-grown victims.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''host'' (the bread) is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A sacrificial animal, [[m|en|victim]], ''hostia maior'', a full-grown victim.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|sacrifice]], offering.^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+ # ''(Christian Latin)'' The [[m|en|host]], the consecrated bread.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A beast for slaughter.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hostiātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[victima]]

+ * [[en|host]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}