accendere Italian · revision 38986

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 12th century, Proverbia que dicuntur|origins=la candeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /atˈt͡ʃɛn.de.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''accendere''' (first-person singular present accèndo, first-person singular past historic accési, past participle accéso, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ Pisan ''accègnere'' takes its ending from [[spegnere]], the verb of the opposite meaning.^(DEI|23)

+ Old past forms include ''accènso'' and ''accìso''.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|accendō|t=to set on fire, to kindle]], from [[m|la|ad-]] and the stem of [[m|la|candeō|t=to shine, to glow]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The Latin verb survives in [[pro|acendre]], [[osp|acender]] and [[pt|acender]], as well as in Italian.^(LEI|1, 254)^(Nocentini 2010) The learned [[accensione]] continues the late Latin derivative [[la-lat|accēnsiō]].^(DELI 1999)

+

+ In the dialects the verb is mainly Tuscan and Ligurian north of a line from Ancona to the Colli Albani; south of it the usual verb is of the type [[appicciare]], and in Romagna and Emilia the Tuscan form has spread among other verbs.^(LEI|1, 254) In Calabria the infinitive used as a noun means “match”.^(LEI|1, 254)^(DEI|23)

+

+ That Latin verb is from [[itc-pro|*kandē-|t=to shine]]; de Vaan connects it with [[cy|cann|t=brilliant]] and [[sa|चन्द्र|tr=candrá|t=shining]], but its vowel is unexpected for a root [[ine-pro|*knd-]].^(de Vaan 2008) [[candela]] belongs to the same root.^(Nocentini 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in the Venetian ''Proverbia que dicuntur'' (last quarter of the 12th century);^(TLIO)^(Nocentini 2010) GRADIT dates the verb to 1284.^(GRADIT 2003) The figurative sense “to stir up, to excite” is in Guittone d'Arezzo (before 1294), and Dante has ''accendere un fuoco'' (before 1321).^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|1, 254)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old Italian the verb covered burning, heating, lighting up and shining, and figuratively kindling love, anger or religious fervour.^(TLIO) Boccaccio has a man who never failed to light a candle before the image of a saint.^(GDLI)

+

+ In bookkeeping ''accendere un conto'' “to open an account” is recorded in 1433;^(DELI 1999) DELI and the GDLI explain it from the participle ''acceso'', which coincided with ''accensus'', the participle of [[la|accēnseō|t=to add to the census register]].^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI) The sense “to switch on an electrical device” is recorded in 1942.^(DELI 1999) Instruments for lighting were named with imperative compounds: ''accendisigaro'' (1923) and ''accendigas'' (1961), and ''accendino'' “lighter” (1924).^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 12th century – The Venetian ''Proverbia que dicuntur'' use the verb.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1294 – Guittone d'Arezzo uses it figuratively.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante writes ''accendere un fuoco''.^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|1, 254)

+ * 1433 – ''Accendere'' is used for opening an account.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1923 – ''Accendisigaro'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1924 – Grazia Deledda uses ''accendino''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1942 – The sense “to switch on” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|light]], to set fire to: ''Accese il camino e si sedette.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To switch on, to [[m|en|turn on]] a device: ''Accendi la luce, non vedo niente.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To [[m|en|kindle]], to rouse feelings: ''La musica gli accendeva la fantasia.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To provoke, to start a quarrel or debate.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To light up, to make glow: ''La gioia le accendeva gli occhi.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(law, banking)'' To take out a loan or mortgage; to open an account.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''accendersi'': to catch fire; of a device, to come on; to blush; to flare up.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[acceso]]

+ * [[accensione]]

+ * [[accendino]]

+ * [[accendisigaro]]

+ * [[accendigas]]

+ * [[accenditore]]

+ * [[riaccendere]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[accendimento]]

+ * [[accenditoio]]

+ * [[candela]]

+ * [[candido]]

+ * [[incendio]]

+ * [[spegnere]]

+ * [[la|accendō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}