chiusa Italian · revision 38972

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1292, Bono Giamboni|origins=la claudō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈkju.za/, /ˈkju.sa/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''chiusa''' ''f'' (plural chiuse)^(Wiktionary)

+ Northern Old Italian texts have the forms [[roa-oit|chiuxe]] and [[roa-oit|cluxe]].^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the feminine of [[chiuso|t=closed]], the past participle of [[chiudere|t=to close]], used as a noun.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Devoto 1968)^(Wiktionary) GDLI compares [[la-med|clusa]], recorded in 753, and the classical neuter plural [[la|clausum|alt=clausa|t=enclosed places]].^(GDLI) The verb is [[la|claudō|t=to close]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*klaud-]] and [[ine-pro|*kleh₂u-d-|t=to shut]], beside [[m|la|clāvis|t=key]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is Bono Giamboni's Florentine translation of Orosius (1292); its first sense is a barrier that encloses a space, an enclosure.^(TLIO) DELI dates the sense “pen for keeping animals” to the 13th-century chronicle of Malispini.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The enclosure led to the enclosed field, a shelter, a prison, and above all to works that hold back water: Old Italian already used the word for a weir that regulates the flow of a stream to drive a mill, and for a barrier across the mouth of a harbour.^(TLIO) Dino Compagni (1310–1312) uses it for a wooden barricade, and Giovanni Villani for a fortification.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) In the 16th century it names a narrow mountain pass (1553), and in geography today the narrowing of a river valley.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Modern engineering uses it for a lock on a canal; the ''chiusa leonardesca'', the canal lock with mitre gates, is named after Leonardo.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ The sense “ending of a poem or a speech” is recorded in Galileo, before 1642, and is still current.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Hunters also used ''chiusa'' for keeping decoy birds in a dark, cool place through the summer, so that they would sing in autumn.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – Malispini uses ''chiusa'' for an animal pen.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1292 – Bono Giamboni's translation of Orosius has the word.^(TLIO)

+ * 1310–1312 – Dino Compagni uses it for a barricade.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1553 – It names a narrow mountain pass.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1642 – Galileo uses it for the ending of a piece of writing.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # An [[m|en|enclosure]], a fence or hedge around a field; the enclosed land itself.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(hydraulics)'' A [[m|en|weir]] or [[m|en|sluice]] across a river or canal; a canal [[m|en|lock]]: ''Il battello aspettò davanti alla chiusa.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(geography)'' A narrowing of a river valley, where its sides come close together.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # The closing part of a letter, a speech or a literary work: ''La chiusa del discorso fu molto applaudita.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(hunting)'' Keeping decoy birds shut in a dark place in summer.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(archaic)'' A prison; a fortification.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[chiudere]]

+ * [[chiuso]]

+ * [[chiusura]]

+ * [[la|claudō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The same form is the feminine of the adjective [[chiuso]].^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}