attraversare Italian · revision 38961

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=late 13th century, Monte Andrea|origins=la trānsvertō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /at.tra.verˈsa.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''attraversare''' (first-person singular present attravèrso, first-person singular past historic attraversài, past participle attraversàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[attraverso|t=across]] with the verb ending [[m|it|-are]], according to DELI, GRADIT and Wiktionary;^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Devoto 1968|48) Nocentini, Devoto–Oli and Devoto's Avviamento derive it from [[traversare]] with the prefix [[m|it|a-|alt=a(d)-]].^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Devoto 1968|48) The TLIO derives it directly from [[traverso]], which continues [[la|trānsversus|t=lying across]], the past participle of [[m|la|trānsvertō|t=to turn across]].^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) The adverb comes from the phrase a traverso.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in the Florentine poet Monte Andrea, in the late 13th century, and Nocentini and Devoto–Oli date the verb to the second half of that century.^(TLIO)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) DELI's first date is Dante (before 1321), in the sense “to pass across”; in the ''Inferno'' a lizard darting across the road looks like a flash of lightning: ''folgore par se la via attraversa''.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI|1)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian also used the verb for putting something crosswise and, from that, for hindering: Dante has it for “to place across” and Boccaccio and Petrarch for “to thwart”.^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO) ''Attraversare la strada a qualcuno'' still means both to cut across someone's path and to obstruct them.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) Franco Sacchetti records the superstition that a weasel crossing one's path means a bad journey.^(GDLI|1)

+

+ The figurative sense “to go through, live through” (a danger, a difficult period) was a 19th-century novelty: Rigutini's dictionary of neologisms remarked on it in 1886, and Fogazzaro uses it.^(DELI 1999) In nautical use the verb means to cross another ship's course close by.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 13th century – Monte Andrea has the first record.^(TLIO)^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * Before 1321 – Dante uses ''attraversare'' for “to pass across” and “to place across”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1374 – Petrarch uses it for “to thwart”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1555 – The noun ''attraversamento'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1886 – Rigutini notes the new sense “to live through”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|cross]], to go from one side to the other of; to travel through from end to end: ''Abbiamo attraversato il lago in barca.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(absolute)'' To cross the street: ''Aspetta il verde prima di attraversare.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Of a river, road or the like, to run through: ''La ferrovia attraversa tutta la valle.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To pass right through, to [[m|en|pierce]]: ''La lama gli attraversò la mano.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # Of a thought, to cross one's mind: ''Un dubbio mi attraversò la mente.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To go through, live through (a period or situation): ''Il paese attraversa una crisi profonda.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(literary)'' To hinder, [[m|en|thwart]]: ''attraversare i piani di qualcuno''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(uncommon)'' To put crosswise.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(nautical)'' To cross another vessel's course at a short distance.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[attraversamento]]

+ * [[attraversabile]]

+ * [[attraversatore]]

+ * [[riattraversare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[attraverso]]

+ * [[traverso]]

+ * [[traversare]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}