federale Italian · revision 38947

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1790, Notizie del mondo|origins=la foedus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fe.deˈra.le/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''federale''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural federali)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fr|fédéral]], which DELI dates to 1783 (DEI has 1739, Devoto–Oli 1789), formed from the stem [[m|la|foeder-]] of [[la|foedus|t=treaty, alliance]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(DEI)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) Latin had [[m|la|foederātus|t=allied]] and [[m|la|foederātiō]], but the words of this family spread in Italian at the time of the French Revolution, after French [[m|fr|fédéralisme]], [[m|fr|fédéraliste]] and [[m|fr|fédération]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The Latin noun shares its root with [[m|la|fidēs|t=trust, faith]] and [[m|la|fīdō|t=to trust]], whence [[fede]] and [[fido]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(OLD 2012)^(GDLI)^(DEI) Wiktionary traces it to [[itc-pro|*feiðos]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰeydʰ-|t=to trust]], and DEI and Devoto explain the vowel as a blend of two stems of that root.^(Wiktionary)^(DEI|1612)^(Devoto 1968) Ennius still wrote the word with ⟨i⟩, as [[m|la|foedus|alt=fidus]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in the newspaper ''Notizie del mondo'' in 1790, which calls Washington the ''città federale'', “federal city”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) The sense is of a state made of members with wide autonomy.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The related words followed within a few years: ''federalismo'' in 1793, ''federalista'' in 1796 and ''federazione'' in 1797, while ''federativo'' had appeared in 1756.^(DELI 1999) Nocentini and Devoto–Oli give 1849 for ''federale'' itself.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) In the 19th century Carlo Cattaneo, a federalist, used the word of the Swiss Confederation, and De Sanctis wrote of the federal polytechnic.^(GDLI)

+

+ Under Fascism ''segretario federale'' (1931), and, from 1935 simply ''federale'', was the head of the party in a province.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Today the adjective also refers to sports, trade-union and party federations.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1756 – ''Federativo'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1783 – French ''fédéral'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1790 – ''Notizie del mondo'' calls Washington the ''città federale''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1793 – ''Federalismo'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1931 – ''Segretario federale'' names a Fascist provincial leader.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1935 – ''Federale'' is used alone as a noun.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|federal]]: made up of a [[federazione|alt=federation]] of states: ''una repubblica federale''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Of or belonging to a federal state: ''Ha lavorato per la polizia federale.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # Of a sports, trade-union or political federation: ''Il consiglio federale si riunisce domani.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(history)'' Under Fascism, the secretary of the party in a province.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[federalismo]]

+ * [[federalista]]

+ * [[federalmente]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[federazione]]

+ * [[federato]]

+ * [[confederazione]]

+ * [[fede]]

+ * [[la|foedus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}