movimento Italian · revision 38917

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=13th century, Rinaldo d'Aquino|origins=la moveō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /mo.viˈmen.to/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''movimento''' ''m'' (plural movimenti)^(Wiktionary)

+ An older spelling is ''muovimento'', now disused.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|it|muovere|-mento]], perhaps partly modelled on [[la-med|mōvimentum]].^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) Compare [[fr|mouvement]].^(Wiktionary) The verb continues [[la|moveō|t=to move]], which passed into another conjugation in Italian; it was used both in the physical and in the moral sense, as in “to stir the mind”, like the Greek verb [[grc|κινέω|tr=kinéō]] it rendered.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) The Latin verb goes back to [[itc-pro|*moweō]] and to [[ine-pro|*m(i̯)euh₁-|t=to move]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The Medieval Latin noun is a doublet of [[la|mōmentum]], which comes from the same verb.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ [[movimentato|alt=Movimentato]] “eventful, lively” is a 19th-century adaptation of [[fr|mouvementé]] (1845), and the purist Alfredo Panzini called it an ugly word.^(DELI 1999)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is in the 13th-century Sicilian poet Rinaldo d'Aquino, in the general sense “the act or effect of moving”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Early prose uses it as a term of natural philosophy: the preacher Giordano da Pisa explains that in movement the wise distinguish the place one comes from, the goal, the thing that moves and the manner of going.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ By about 1336 Boccaccio used the word for a hostile action and, in military language, for a manoeuvre of troops.^(DELI 1999) Galileo and the natural philosophers made it a term of physics, speaking of the movement of the earth around the sun.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GDLI) In music it named a kind of trill in 1560 (Francesco Patrizi), and, from 1720 (Benedetto Marcello) the speed at which a piece is played;^(DELI 1999)^(DIFIT) French took over this sense in 1703 and German borrowed ''Movimento'' in 1876.^(DELI 1999)^(DIFIT)

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+ The 19th century added the busy movement of people and vehicles (1855, criticised as badly said), the impression of motion in painting and sculpture (1891), and, from 1872 in Carducci, a cultural, political or artistic current.^(DELI 1999) Tommaseo rejected ''movimento della popolazione'' in demography as a useless gallicism in 1869, and the bookkeeping ''movimento di cassa'' “cash flow” is recorded in 1886.^(DELI 1999) In slang ''c'è un movimento'' hints at a shady deal or a love affair.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – Rinaldo d'Aquino uses ''movimento''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * About 1336 – Boccaccio uses it for a hostile action and a military manoeuvre.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1560 – Francesco Patrizi uses it for a kind of musical trill.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1720 – Benedetto Marcello uses it for the speed of a piece of music.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1869 – Tommaseo condemns ''movimento della popolazione'' as a gallicism.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1872 – Carducci uses it for a cultural or political current.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1876 – German borrows ''Movimento'' as a musical term.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1958 – Italo Calvino writes ''movimento del capitale''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|movement]], [[m|en|motion]]: the change of a body's position in space: ''il movimento delle onde''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A movement of the body or a part of it; a [[m|en|gesture]]: ''Ha fatto un movimento brusco con la spalla.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # Physical [[m|en|exercise]]: ''Dovrei fare più movimento.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Bustle, busy [[m|en|traffic]] of people or vehicles: ''In centro c'è sempre movimento.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The moving of people from one place or post to another: ''un movimento di personale tra le sedi''.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(art, literature)'' Liveliness, a sense of motion in a work: a dynamic effect in painting, or a lively narrative rhythm.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A [[m|en|current]] or organized trend promoting certain ideas: ''un movimento letterario'', ''un movimento politico''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(music)'' The [[m|en|tempo]] of a piece; also a movement of a larger composition.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The mechanism of a clock or watch.^(Wiktionary)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[movimentare]]

+ * [[movimentismo]]

+ * [[movimentista]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[muovere]]

+ * [[moto]]

+ * [[momento]]

+ * [[la|moveō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Mettere in movimento'' means “to set going”, and ''mettersi in movimento'' “to set off”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026) In physics and technical language ''moto'' is often preferred.^(Treccani 2011)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}