chiaramente Italian · revision 38882

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1260–1261, Brunetto Latini|origins=la clārus}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /kja.raˈmen.te/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|it|chiaro|-mente]], from the feminine form of the adjective.^(GRADIT 2003)^(TLIO)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Wiktionary traces the type to the Latin ablative phrase with [[m|la|mēns|t=mind]], here [[m|la|clārā mente|t=with a clear mind]].^(Wiktionary)

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+ The adjective is [[inh|la|clārus|t=bright; clear]], which has survived in nearly all the Romance languages: [[ro|chiar]], [[fur|clâr]], [[fro|cler]], [[pro|clar]], [[ca|clar]], [[es|claro]], [[pt|claro]] and [[sc|kláru]].^(LEI|14, 1035)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in Brunetto Latini's ''Rettorica'' (Florence, c. 1260–1261), in the sense “precisely, in a way that leaves no doubt”.^(TLIO) Old forms of the 13th century include Bonvesin's Milanese ''claramente'' and ''kiaramente'' in the laude of Cortona.^(LEI|14, 1035)^(TLIO)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used the adverb for speaking or writing intelligibly, for seeing or understanding fully, for drawing up documents in proper legal order, and also for “brightly” and “illustriously”.^(TLIO) Dante writes in the ''Convivio'' ''a ciò si può chiaramente rispondere'', “to this one can answer clearly”, and Petrarch opens the ''Canzoniere'' with ''e 'l conoscer chiaramente / che quanto piace al mondo è breve sogno'', “and knowing clearly that whatever pleases in the world is a brief dream”.^(GDLI)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The sense “luminously” is in Petrarch (before 1374).^(LEI|14, 1035) Tommaseo compares Latin ''clare'' and records a further old sense “faithfully”, in Francesco da Barberino.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

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+ Today the adverb also comments on a whole sentence, “obviously, of course”, and stands alone as an emphatic yes in answers.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1260–1261 – Brunetto Latini uses ''chiaramente'' in the ''Rettorica''.^(TLIO)

+ * Second half of the 13th century – ''Kiaramente'' appears in the laude of Cortona.^(LEI|14, 1035)

+ * Late 13th century – Bonvesin da la Riva writes ''claramente''.^(LEI|14, 1035)

+ * Before 1324 – GRADIT's date of first record.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1374 – Petrarch uses it for “luminously”.^(LEI|14, 1035)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|clearly]], distinctly, of what is seen or heard: ''Dal balcone si vedeva chiaramente il porto.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # Clearly, in a way that is easy to understand: ''La guida spiega chiaramente ogni passaggio.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # [[m|en|frankly]], openly, without beating about the bush: ''Le ho detto chiaramente che non sono d'accordo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # Evidently, [[m|en|manifestly]]: ''Il ragazzo era chiaramente stanco.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(sentence adverb)'' Obviously, of course: ''Chiaramente, il sindaco nega tutto.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(in answers)'' Certainly, definitely.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[chiaro]]

+ * [[chiarezza]]

+ * [[la|clarus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}