venerdì Italian · revision 38867

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 1348, Giovanni Villani}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ve.nerˈdi/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''venerdì''' ''m'' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old and dialect forms include [[roa-oit|venardì]], [[roa-oit|vegnirì]] and [[roa-oit|verardì]].^(GDLI)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|Veneris diēs|t=day of Venus]],^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) a phrase recorded in inscriptions of the 1st century AD, “the day of the planet Venus”, after the model of [[grc|ἡμέρα Ἀφροδίτης|tr=hēméra Aphrodítēs]].^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI) Nocentini starts from the Vulgar Latin accusative [[m|la-vul|*Venĕris diem]].^(Nocentini 2010) The second part is [[dì]] “day”.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ In the imperial Roman calendar the days of the week were named after the planets, and the sixth day counting from the day of the Sun was that of Venus.^(Nocentini 2010) Devoto–Oli and Treccani add that Venus was believed to govern the first hour of that day.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) [[fr|vendredi]] follows the same word order, [[oc|divendres]] and [[ca|divendres]] the reverse one, and [[es|viernes]] and [[ro|vineri]] keep only the name of the goddess; [[pt|sexta-feira]] “sixth feria” follows the Christian count.^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|4010)

+

+ DELI notes that this compound is not very old in Italian beside the widespread popular [[venere]], and goes back to the time of the Crusades.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is in Giovanni Villani, who died in 1348, for the fifth day of the week;^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Zingarelli dates the word to 1268.^(Zingarelli 2010) Villani writes ''Venuta in Firenze la novella in venerdì sera'', “The news having come to Florence on Friday evening”.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Friday is the fifth day of the civil week and the sixth of the liturgical one.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GDLI) For Catholics it is a day of penance, and until 1966 the faithful had to abstain from meat on every Friday; the rule now applies only in Lent.^(GDLI) The first Friday of the month is devoted to the Sacred Heart, and ''Venerdì santo'' is Good Friday.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011) In popular belief Friday is a day of ill omen, and a proverb warns that whoever laughs on Friday will weep on Sunday.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Treccani 2011)

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+ The joking phrase ''gli manca qualche venerdì'', “he is missing a few Fridays”, is said of someone who seems not quite right in the head.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) The country form ''venardì'' was still heard in Tuscany in Tommaseo's day.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1st century AD – Latin ''Veneris dies'' appears in inscriptions.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1268 – Zingarelli's first date for ''venerdì''.^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ * Before 1348 – Giovanni Villani uses ''venerdì''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1966 – Abstinence from meat stops being required on every Friday.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|Friday]]: ''Il venerdì sera andiamo sempre in pizzeria.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[venere]]

+ * [[dì]]

+ * [[giovedì]]

+ * [[sabato]]

+ * [[la|Venus]]

+ * [[fr|vendredi]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Venerdì'' is masculine and invariable.^(Wiktionary)^(GRADIT 2003) ''Venerdì santo'' is Good Friday and ''venerdì grasso'' the last Friday of carnival;^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011) ''non avere tutti i venerdì'' means to be a little odd.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}