allontanare Italian · revision 38863

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=late 13th century, Parafrasi del Decalogo (Bergamo)|origins=la-vul *longitānus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /al.lon.taˈna.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''allontanare''' (first-person singular present allontàno, first-person singular past historic allontanài, past participle allontanàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ Northern texts have [[roa-oit|aluytanare]] (Bergamo, late 13th century) and [[roa-oit|aloitanar]] (Bonvesin de la Riva, Milan).^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|it|a-|lontano|-are]], a parasynthetic verb in which the prefix strengthens the sense: “to make far”.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The adjective [[lontano|t=far, distant]] continues [[la-vul|*longitānus]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) DELI builds it on the adverb [[la|longiter|t=far; for a long time]], while Nocentini derives it from [[m|la|longus|t=long; distant]] with the suffix [[m|la|-itānus]], which in Latin formed names of the inhabitants of a place.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) The same formation gave [[fr|lointain]] and [[oc|lonhdan]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in the Bergamasque ''Parafrasi del Decalogo'' of the late 13th century, which warns that adultery makes two souls sin “e da l'amor de Cristo i fa aluytanare”, and makes them go far from the love of Christ.^(GDLI)^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999) The TLIO defines the early verb as putting oneself or something at a distance, real or figurative, from a place or a person, and so separating or turning away.^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Tuscan form ''allontanare'' is first found in Boccaccio, about 1336.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Petrarch used it figuratively: “questa sola dal vulgo m'allontana”, this alone sets me apart from the crowd.^(GDLI)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Tommaseo's dictionary noted that ''allontanare'' implied a greater distance than ''rimuovere'', and in the figurative sense a greater estrangement of feeling.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ The noun ''allontanamento'' is recorded from Galileo (1624); an older example said to come from a book of sermons, quoted by the Crusca, Tommaseo and the GDLI, is almost certainly a forgery.^(DELI 1999) In modern Italian the verb also means to dismiss someone from a post, to ward off a danger and, of a person's manner, to put others off.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 13th century – ''Aluytanare'' appears in the ''Parafrasi del Decalogo'' (Bergamo).^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1315 – Bonvesin de la Riva writes ''aloitanar''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * c. 1336 – Boccaccio uses ''allontanare''.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1624 – ''Allontanamento'' is recorded in Galileo.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To move away, put or take [[m|en|far]] from something: ''Allontana il bicchiere dal bordo del tavolo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To [[m|en|avert]], ward off: ''allontanare il rischio di una crisi''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To set apart from one another, separate: ''Hanno allontanato i fratelli per farli smettere di litigare.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To send away, drive away; to [[m|en|dismiss]] from a post or office.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To exclude, [[m|en|estrange]]: ''Le loro idee politiche li hanno allontanati.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To put people off, inspire dislike: ''La sua arroganza ha allontanato anche i vecchi amici.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(reflexive, allontanarsi)'' To go away, move off; to be absent for a while; figuratively, to drift away from someone or from an idea.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[allontanamento]]

+ * [[riallontanare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lontano]]

+ * [[lontananza]]

+ * [[fr|lointain]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}