orgoglioso Italian · revision 38862

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1230–1250, Giacomo da Lentini|origins=frk *urgōlī}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /or.ɡoʎˈʎo.zo/, /or.ɡoʎˈʎo.so/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''orgoglioso''' (feminine orgogliosa, masculine plural orgogliosi, feminine plural orgogliose, superlative orgogliosissimo)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|it|orgoglio|-oso]], from the noun meaning “pride”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(TLIO) GRADIT compares [[pro|orgolhos]], recorded in the 12th century,^(GRADIT 2003) and the GDLI [[fr|orgueilleux]], recorded from 1080.^(GDLI)

+

+ The noun [[orgoglio]] came into Italian through [[pro|orgolh]], from a Germanic word, as Pietro Bembo had already recognised.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010) DELI gives it as [[frk|*urgōlī|t=great esteem]];^(DELI 1999) Nocentini starts from [[gmw-pro|*urgōli|t=pride]] and compares [[goh|urguol]].^(Nocentini 2010) The same word is [[fr|orgueil]] and [[ca|orgull]], from which come [[es|orgullo]] and [[pt|orgulho]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in Giacomo da Lentini (1230–1250), in a poem that speaks of “orgogliosa genti”, arrogant people.^(TLIO)^(GDLI) The early sense is arrogant and haughty, inclined to despise others.^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the Sicilian and Tuscan love lyric of the 13th century ''orgoglio'' named above all the lady's disdain for her lover,^(DELI 1999) and ''orgoglioso'' was said of one who scorns or mocks a lover's feelings.^(TLIO) Old Italian also used it for fierce and violent, for dignified and resolute, and for physically imposing.^(TLIO) A 14th-century translation of Livy says that Tarquin was given the byname ''orgoglioso'', “the Proud”,^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) and Dante wrote of a sinner “Quei fu al mondo persona orgogliosa”, he was a proud person in the world;^(GDLI)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Giovan Battista Gelli later glossed Dante's word as fierce, inhuman and pitiless.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The positive sense, proud of something and justly satisfied, is recorded from Melchiorre Delfico (before 1835);^(DELI 1999) Tommaseo's dictionary said that this “innocent” pride came from French usage.^(DELI 1999) Older literary senses are now archaic: lush, of a crop (Parini), and strong, of a wine (Redi).^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020) The adjective was borrowed as [[ro|orgolios]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1230–1250 – Giacomo da Lentini uses ''orgogliosa'' for “arrogant”.^(TLIO)

+ * 1300–1313 – Dante uses it for “haughty”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 14th century – A translation of Livy calls Tarquin ''orgoglioso''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1554–1562 – Gelli glosses Dante's ''orgoglioso'' as “pitiless”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1835 – Melchiorre Delfico uses it for “proud, satisfied”.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|arrogant]], [[m|en|haughty]], with too high an opinion of oneself: ''È troppo orgoglioso per chiedere scusa.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Showing pride or haughtiness: ''un silenzio orgoglioso''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # [[m|en|proud]] of someone or something, justly pleased (with ''di''): ''Sono orgogliosa di come hai giocato.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(archaic)'' Lush, flourishing; of a wine, strong.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A proud person, one without humility.^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Wikizionario)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[orgogliosamente]]

+ * [[orgogliosità]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[orgoglio]]

+ * [[inorgoglire]]

+ * [[fr|orgueilleux]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In the sense “proud of” it takes ''di'' with a noun or an infinitive.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) The ⟨s⟩ is pronounced both voiced and voiceless.^(Wiktionary)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}