familiare Italian · revision 38859

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1268, Andrea da Grosseto|origins=la familia}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fa.miˈlja.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''familiare''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural familiari, superlative familiarissimo)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|familiāris|t=of the household; intimate]], a derivative of [[m|la|familia|t=household]] with the suffix [[m|la|-āris]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) DEI and Battaglia call it a learned word.^(DEI|1592)^(GDLI) The inherited word from the same family is [[famiglia]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ French has [[m|fr|familier]] from the 12th century.^(DEI|1592)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is Andrea da Grosseto in 1268, and Zingarelli gives the same year.^(TLIO)^(Zingarelli 2010) Its first sense is “belonging to or concerning the family”.^(TLIO) Dante writes in the ''Convivio'' (1304–08) of those held back from learning ''per cura familiare o civile'', by family or civic cares.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old Italian the adjective also meant “of the servants”, and as a noun a member of a household, a community or a court.^(TLIO) The old nouns “servant”, “guard, constable” and a prince's or prelate's confidant are now obsolete;^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(GRADIT 2003) Boccaccio has a man who ''si mise per famigliare'' with Currado Malaspina.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(GRADIT 2003) The senses “intimate, well known” and “friendly” were also there from the start.^(TLIO)

+

+ The spelling ''famigliare'', after ''famiglia'', has long competed with ''familiare'';^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Panzini in 1905 noted that modern spelling considered it the less good form.^(DELI 1999)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The feminine noun ''familiare'', an estate car, is a 20th-century sense: Battaglia's supplement quotes ''La Repubblica'' of 1993, which glosses it as ''station wagon''.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1268 – Andrea da Grosseto has the first record.^(TLIO)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ * 1304–1308 – Dante uses ''cura familiare'' in the ''Convivio''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1905 – Panzini judges ''famigliare'' the less good spelling.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1993 – ''La Repubblica'' uses ''familiari'' for estate cars.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of the [[famiglia|alt=family]], typical of a family: ''la vita familiare'', ''un'azienda familiare''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Designed for a family, family-sized: ''Ho preso la confezione familiare.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # [[m|en|familiar]], well known from long use: ''Quella voce mi è familiare.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Informal, friendly, simple: ''Parla sempre con un tono familiare.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|relative]], a member of one's family: ''Ha passato il Natale con i suoi familiari.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(feminine)'' An [[m|en|estate car]], a station wagon.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(obsolete)'' A servant, a courtier, a guard.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[familiarità]]

+ * [[familiarizzare]]

+ * [[familiarmente]]

+ * [[familiaresco]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[famiglia]]

+ * [[la|familiāris]]

+ * [[fr|familier]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Familiare'' and the less common ''famigliare'' are both accepted.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020) The phrase ''alla familiare'' means simply, without ceremony.^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}