rispettare Italian · revision 38856

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1341–1342, Boccaccio|origins=la speciō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ris.petˈta.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rispettare''' (first-person singular present rispètto, first-person singular past historic rispettài, past participle rispettàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|respectō|t=to look back; to have regard for]], a learned word.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(DEI|3264) The Latin verb is the intensive of [[m|la|respiciō|t=to look back]], from [[m|la|re-|t=back]] and [[m|la|speciō|t=to look]], or is formed with the same prefix on [[m|la|spectō|t=to look at]].^(DELI 1999)^(Treccani 2011)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Nocentini 2010) Nocentini explains that it took the sense “to look on with respect” from [[m|la|respectus|t=regard, consideration]], the noun from its past participle.^(Nocentini 2010)^(DELI 1999) Devoto adds that the prefix was crossed with Italian [[ri-]].^(Devoto 1968|376)

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+ The noun [[rispetto]] is the same Latin noun; the old variants [[roa-oit|respitto]] and [[m|roa-oit|rispitto]] depend on its French outcome [[fro|respit]], and DEI also sees French influence in the meanings of the noun.^(DELI 1999)^(DEI|3264) The verb is [[fr|respecter]], and [[es|respectar]] means “to concern”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Körting 1907)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is Boccaccio in 1341–42, in the sense “to show esteem, to treat with respect and reverence”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) In Boccaccio's ''Amorosa visione'' everyone seemed eager and bold, ''non rispettando il piccolo il maggiore'', “the small not respecting the great”.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The sense “to observe according to the rules” is recorded from Antonio Pigafetta about 1525, and “to hold something too worthy to be offended or violated” from Bernardo Davanzati before 1600.^(DELI 1999) Tommaseo explained the sense from the idea of looking back at something with attention rather than a passing glance.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Battaglia also records a second, intransitive ''rispettare'', “to sing a ''rispetto''”, a Tuscan popular love song.^(GDLI|16, 856)

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+ The derivative ''rispettabile'' is recorded in 1686, and its sense “considerable” was rejected by the purists as too close to English ''respectable'';^(DELI 1999) ''rispettabilità'' may be a calque of English ''respectability'' or of French ''respectabilité''.^(DELI 1999) In modern use the verb also means to keep to rules and limits, and ''che si rispetti'' says that someone or something deserves the name.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1341–1342 – Boccaccio uses ''rispettare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * c. 1525 – Pigafetta uses it for observing rules.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1600 – Davanzati uses it for not violating something.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1686 – Segneri has ''rispettabile''.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|respect]] someone, to treat them with esteem and regard: ''Rispetta sempre i suoi insegnanti.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To respect the rights, ideas or dignity of others and not offend them: ''Rispetto la tua scelta, anche se non la condivido.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # To treat things with care and not damage them: ''Bisogna rispettare l'ambiente.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|observe]] or comply with a rule, a law or a promise: ''Non ha rispettato i limiti di velocità.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To render something faithfully: ''La traduzione rispetta il testo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rispettabile]]

+ * [[rispetto]]

+ * [[rispettabilità]]

+ * [[rispettivamente]]

+ * [[rispettivo]]

+ * [[rispettoso]]

+ * [[rispettevole]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[spettare]]

+ * [[la|respectō]]

+ * [[fr|respecter]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Farsi rispettare'' is to make others respect one's rights and authority, and ''rispettare sé stesso'' to keep one's own dignity.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}