purtroppo Italian · revision 38842

22 Oct 2026, 05:24 by bogdan “Italian it10k batch it75r/b02” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=before 1536, Marin Sanudo}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * /ˌpurˈtrɔp.po/^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is a compound of [[pure]] in the sense “also, even” and [[troppo|t=too much]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ DELI's first record is in the diaries of Marin Sanudo (before 1536), where ''pur troppo'' still means “even too much”.^(DELI 1999) Zingarelli dates the word to 1468.^(Zingarelli 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ The sense “unfortunately” is recorded in Paolo Segneri, who died in 1694, and, from then on the adverb expresses the speaker's regret about what the sentence states.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) The two-word spelling lasted into the 19th century: Devoto–Oli quotes Manzoni's ''ora, pur troppo, non hanno bisogno di voi'' (“now, alas, they have no need of you”), and it is now archaic or literary.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)
+ 
+ On its own ''purtroppo'' serves as a regretful “yes” in answers, and with ''sì'' or ''no'' it confirms or denies with regret.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 1468 – Zingarelli's date for the word.^(Zingarelli 2010)
+ * Before 1536 – Marin Sanudo writes ''pur troppo'' “even too much”.^(DELI 1999)
+ * Before 1694 – Paolo Segneri uses ''purtroppo'' for “unfortunately”.^(DELI 1999)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adverb===
+ # [[m|en|unfortunately]], [[m|en|regrettably]]: ''Purtroppo il negozio era già chiuso.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary)
+ # Used alone, or followed by ''sì'' or ''no'', as a regretful answer: «''È vero?''» «''Purtroppo sì.''»^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[pure]]
+ * [[troppo]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ The spelling ''pur troppo'' is archaic or rare.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Wiktionary records a variant ''pultroppo''.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}