antiquus Latin · revision 3882

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂enti-h₃kʷ-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [anˈtiː.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [anˈtiː.kʷus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''antīquus''' (feminine antīqua, neuter antīquum, comparative antīquior, superlative antīquissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a derivative of [[ante]] “before”, and reflects [[inh|ine-pro|*h₂enti-h₃kʷ-o-|t=facing the front]], from the root of ''ante'' and the root for “eye” seen in [[oculus]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) An older spelling was [[m|la|antīcus]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Compare [[sa|अन्तिक|tr=antiká|t=near]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards.^(de Vaan 2008) In Plautus Jupiter tells Amphitryon to return to his old good terms with Alcmena, and a character speaks of “an old poet”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its rare first sense was lying in front, as in Cicero's Timaeus.^(OLD 2012) Usually it meant existing at an early date, ancient, and former, of persons who lived long ago, things of ancient origin, and long genealogies.^(OLD 2012) In poetry it meant aged, as Virgil's ancient oak, and of friends of long standing.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It also meant having the virtues of old times, as Ennius' “the Roman state stands on the old ways and on its men”.^(OLD 2012) The comparative meant preferable or more important, as Cicero's “nothing more important than life”, and higher in rank.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis & Short and Georges separate ''antīquus'', before in time, from ''antīcus'', before in space.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) English ''antique'' came from it through French in the 1530s, and ''antic'' through Italian.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of former good relations and of old poets.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius praises the old Roman ways.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the comparative in the sense “more important”.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1520s – English ''antic'' comes from it through Italian.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1530s – English ''antique'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Lying in front.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|Ancient]], old, early.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Former, previous.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of former times; of ancient origin.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' Aged.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of long standing.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Old-fashioned in the good sense, [[m|en|classical]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(comparative)'' Preferable, more important.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(comparative)'' Higher in rank, senior.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[antīquārius]]

+ * [[antiqui]]

+ * [[antīquitās]]

+ * [[antīquō]]

+ * [[antiquum]]

+ * [[perantīquus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ante]]

+ * [[antīquē]]

+ * [[antīquitus]]

+ * [[en|antique]]

+ * [[en|antic]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein separates ''antiquus'' and ''priscus'', what existed once and is no more, from ''vetus'', what has existed for a long time.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}