direzione Italian · revision 38811

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1309, Giordano da Pisa|origins=la dīrigō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /di.retˈt͡sjo.ne/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''direzione''' ''f'' (plural direzioni)^(Wiktionary)

+ The TLIO also records [[roa-oit|directione]] and [[roa-oit|direzzione]].^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|dīrēctiō|t=a straightening; direction]], a learned word: the noun of action of [[m|la|dīrigō|t=to direct]], formed on its participle [[m|la|dīrēctus]].^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto 1968)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(DEI|1318)^(Wiktionary) The word exists elsewhere in Romance only as a learned word too.^(Körting 1907) The French word [[m|fr|direction]] is recorded from 1372.^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ In the sense “the people who direct something, the management” the Italian noun is a calque of French “direction”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026) Körting placed Italian [[dirizzone|t=blind headlong rush]] beside it, following Canello, but noted Ascoli's doubt that the word comes directly from the Latin accusative.^(Körting 1907)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is a sermon of Giordano da Pisa on Genesis from 1309, and Zingarelli gives the same date.^(TLIO)^(Zingarelli 2010) The earliest senses were the guiding of a movement, of a thing or a person and also figuratively, and the fact of facing toward a point; a translation of the Latin Bible also used it for what is right and just.^(TLIO) DELI's first record of the sense “the way in which something moves” is Francesco da Buti, before 1406.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Francesco da Buti used the word of the rays of the heavenly bodies, through which astrologers said they sent down their influence, and Galileo of the inclinations of the sides of a figure and the direction of the sun's axis.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) The sense “guidance with advice and teaching” is recorded in Savonarola (before 1498), and “the act of directing or commanding” in Daniello Bartoli (1673).^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The sense “governing body of an organization” is first recorded in Foscolo (1808), and ''direzione generale'' in 1797.^(DELI 1999) The figurative sense “course, tendency” dates from before 1798, and the geometrical sense, what all lines parallel to a given line have in common, from 1956.^(DELI 1999) Baretti used ''direzione'' for the address on a letter, a sense now out of use.^(GDLI) Today the word also names the place where the management works, and the conducting of an orchestra.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1309 – Giordano da Pisa uses ''direzione'' in a sermon.^(TLIO)

+ * 1372 – French ''direction'' is recorded.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1406 – Francesco da Buti uses it for the way something moves.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1498 – Savonarola uses it for guidance with advice and teaching.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1673 – Daniello Bartoli uses it for the act of directing.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1797 – ''Direzione generale'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1808 – Foscolo uses it for a governing body.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1956 – The geometrical sense is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|direction]], way: the side or point toward which someone or something faces or moves: ''Il vento ha cambiato direzione.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Course, [[tendenza|alt=tendency]]: ''Le indagini hanno preso una nuova direzione.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # [[m|en|management]], leadership: the act of directing or running something: ''Gli hanno affidato la direzione del museo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(music)'' The conducting of an orchestra or choir.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # The governing body of a company, institution or party; the management.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # The office of the director, or the place where the management has its seat: ''Il preside lo ha chiamato in direzione.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(mathematics)'' What all the lines parallel to a given line have in common.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[direzionale]]

+ * [[condirezione]]

+ * [[direzionare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[direttore]]

+ * [[dirigente]]

+ * [[dirigere]]

+ * [[diretto]]

+ * [[la|directio]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate, obsolete ''direzione'', “plunder”, was a Latinism from [[la|dīreptiō]], used by Guicciardini;^(DEI|1319)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Tommaseo thought it should be spelled with two ''z'', and it is also written ''direpzione''.^(DEI|1319)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}