exspecto Latin · revision 3881

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *speḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛks(ː)pɛk.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [eksˈspɛk.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exspectō''' (present infinitive exspectāre, perfect active exspectāvī, supine exspectātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|spectō|t2=to look at]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''Spectō'' is the frequentative of [[specio|alt=speciō]] “to see”, from [[itc-pro|*spekje/o-]], [[ine-pro|*speḱ-ie/o-|t=to look]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) It is also spelled [[m|la|expectō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has “why are you waiting for those who left three years ago?”^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to wait for a person or an event, as Caesar's waiting for someone's arrival or the outcome of a battle.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to expect something to happen, as Terence's man on a ship always expecting death, and to look forward to or hope for, as Cato's oxen always hoping for green fodder.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Used without an object it meant to wait in expectation.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to need or require.^(Wiktionary) Romance kept it, as Italian [[m|it|aspettare]], and English ''expect'' was borrowed in the 1550s, first meaning “to wait”.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of waiting for people.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of expecting death.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of oxen hoping for green fodder.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of awaiting an arrival.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1550s – English ''expect'' is borrowed.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|await]], wait for.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|expect]], look for.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To look forward to, hope for.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To wait.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To need, require.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exspectabilis]]

+ * [[exspectātiō]]

+ * [[exspectātor]]

+ * [[exspectatrix]]

+ * [[inexspectātus]]

+ * [[reexpectō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[specto]]

+ * [[en|expect]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says ''manere'' is merely physical staying, while ''exspectare'', ''praestolari'' and ''opperiri'' mean waiting in conscious expectation.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}