recuperare Italian · revision 38797

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1306|origins=la capiō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /re.ku.peˈra.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''recuperare''' (first-person singular present recùpero, first-person singular past historic recuperài, past participle recuperàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ The variant [[ricuperare]] is also used.^(Wiktionary)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|recuperō|t=to regain, to get back]], a learned word taken from Latin in the sense “to come back into possession”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary) Sabatini–Coletti calls it the learned counterpart of [[ricoverare]], which continues the same Latin verb by the popular route.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Nocentini 2010) Meyer-Lübke traces the popular verb to [[pro|recobrar|t=to recover]]; the verb's popular outcomes elsewhere are [[fro|recovrer]], [[ca|recobrar]], [[es|recobrar]] and [[pt|recobrar]].^(REW 1935) The learned type is shared by [[fr|récupérer]] and [[es|recuperar]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The Latin verb is a compound of [[m|la|re-|t=back, again]] with a verb related to [[m|la|capiō|t=to take]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Devoto–Oli derives it from an unattested intensive [[m|la|*caperō|alt=*caperāre]] of the same verb.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record dates from before 1306, in the sense of getting back into one's possession something lost or taken away.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Nocentini 2010) Battisti and Alessio cite Boccaccio for the verb.^(DEI|3219)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From getting back a possession the verb passed to recovering a faculty or a condition, such as sight, strength or a friendship.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) A religious sense “to redeem” (a soul) is now obsolete.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010) In the 19th century the usual form was ''ricuperare'': Tommaseo–Bellini marks ''recuperare'' as obsolete and sends the reader to the other form,^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861|4, 106) and Treccani still treats the word and its derivatives under ''ricuperare''.^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ The modern dictionaries add senses of the industrial and welfare state: reusing waste materials such as paper and glass, reclaiming land or rundown city centres, and bringing a drug addict or a former prisoner back into society.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) In sport and on the railways the verb means to make up lost time or a gap, and the referee who adds stoppage time ''fa recuperare'' the minutes lost.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Its deverbal noun ''recupero'' is recorded from the 18th century.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1306 – ''Recuperare'' is first recorded.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ * 14th century – ''Recuperatore'', from Latin ''recuperator'', is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 16th century – ''Recuperabile'', ''recuperatorio'' and ''recuperazione'' appear.^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|3219)

+ * 18th century – The noun ''recupero'' appears.^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * 1959 – ''Recuperabilità'' is recorded.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|recover]], to get back something lost, stolen or invested: ''Ho recuperato le chiavi che avevo perso.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To regain a faculty or a relationship: sight, strength, calm, someone's trust.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|rescue]] or bring to safety; to raise a [[m|en|wreck]] or retrieve people lost at sea.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|rehabilitate]], bring a disabled or marginalised person back into society and work.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To reuse waste or scrap; to make land or buildings usable again.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To make up lost time or a disadvantage, also without an object: ''La squadra ha recuperato nel secondo tempo.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # To hold later something that was missed, such as a lesson or a match.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To revive an idea or a project.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(nautical)'' To haul aboard.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(obsolete)'' To [[m|en|redeem]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[recuperabile]]

+ * [[recuperatore]]

+ * [[recupero]]

+ * [[recuperabilità]]

+ * [[recuperativo]]

+ * [[recuperatorio]]

+ * [[recuperazione]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ricoverare]]

+ * [[ricuperare]]

+ * [[la|recuperō]]

+ * [[la|capiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}