fuga Italian · revision 38789

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=mid-13th century, Miracole de Roma|origins=ine-pro *bʰug-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈfu.ɡa/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fuga''' ''f'' (plural fughe, diminutive fughetta, augmentative fugona or fugone)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old Italian also wrote [[m|roa-oit|fugga]] and [[m|roa-oit|fugha]].^(TLIO)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|fuga|t=flight, escape]], a learned word,^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|1729)^(Wiktionary) from [[m|la|fugiō|t=to flee]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The same Latin noun came down by the popular route as [[foga|t=impetus, ardour]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)^(REW 1935) Elsewhere the inherited noun survives in [[sc|fua|t=speed]], in Logudorese, and the learned word is [[es|fuga]].^(REW 1935)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ The Latin verb continues [[ine-pro|*bʰug-|t=to flee]], and its relatives are [[grc|φεύγω|tr=pheúgō|t=to flee]] and [[m|grc|φυγή|tr=phugḗ|t=flight]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is the Roman ''Miracole de Roma'' of the mid-13th century, for a quick departure to escape a danger.^(TLIO)^(Nocentini 2010) DELI's first date is Bono Giamboni, before 1292.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used ''fuga'' also for a headlong rush and for the act of avoiding something bad, and in the sense of ''foga'', ardour.^(TLIO) Dante writes in the ''Purgatorio'' of the ''subitanea fuga'' that scattered the souls over the plain.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)

+

+ From the 16th century music used the word for a composition in which one voice takes up the theme of another: DIFIT dates it to 1508, DELI to Vincenzo Galilei in 1581.^(DIFIT)^(DELI 1999) The musical term passed to [[fr|fugue]] (1598), and through French to English ''fugue'';^(DIFIT)^(DEI|1729) German ''Fuge'' is earlier, from the end of the 15th century.^(DIFIT)^(DEI|1729) Architecture adopted it before 1617, in Bernardino Baldi, for a row of rooms or columns seen in perspective, and cycling in 1954 for a breakaway from the bunch.^(DELI 1999) Modern Italian also has the leak of a gas or liquid and phrases such as ''fuga di capitali'', ''fuga dei cervelli'' (the brain drain) and ''fuga di notizie''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Mid-13th century – The ''Miracole de Roma'' use ''fuga''.^(TLIO)

+ * Before 1292 – Bono Giamboni uses it.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1508 – The musical sense is first recorded.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1581 – Vincenzo Galilei uses ''fuga'' in music.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1598 – French ''fugue'' appears as a musical term.^(DIFIT)^(DEI|1729)

+ * Before 1617 – Bernardino Baldi uses it for a series of architectural elements.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1622 – ''Fuga'' names the theme of a canon.^(DIFIT)

+ * 1954 – The cycling sense is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|flight]], [[m|en|escape]], a sudden departure to escape a danger: ''I ladri si sono dati alla fuga.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # An escape from prison: ''la fuga di tre detenuti''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A flight from an oppressive situation, or from one's duties: ''fuga dalla realtà''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A sudden loss: ''una fuga di voti''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(cycling)'' A [[m|en|breakaway]]: ''essere in fuga''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(military slang)'' Unauthorised absence, especially at night.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # A [[m|en|leak]] of a gas or a liquid: ''una fuga di gas in cantina''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A series of rooms, arches or columns seen in perspective.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # The joint between two tiles of a floor.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ # ''(music)'' A [[m|en|fugue]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fugace]]

+ * [[fugacità]]

+ * [[fugare]]

+ * [[trafugare]]

+ * [[fugato]]

+ * [[fughetta]]

+ * [[fugatore]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fuggire]]

+ * [[fuggitivo]]

+ * [[foga]]

+ * [[la|fuga]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Fixed phrases include ''darsi alla fuga'' and ''mettere in fuga'' (to put to flight), ''la fuga in Egitto'' (the Flight into Egypt), ''punto di fuga'' (vanishing point), ''velocità di fuga'' (escape velocity) and ''fuga in avanti'', the pursuit of distant, unrealistic goals in place of present problems.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}