naturale Italian · revision 38772

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1294, Brunetto Latini|origins=ine-pro *ǵenh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /na.tuˈra.le/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''naturale''' ''m or f'' by sense (plural naturali, superlative naturalissimo)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|nātūrālis|t=natural; by birth]], from [[m|la|nātūra|t=birth; nature, character]], which is formed from [[m|la|nātus|t=born]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) It is a learned word that came in through the written language.^(GDLI)^(Prati 1951|692) The same word is [[fr|naturel]] and [[es|natural]].^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ [[m|la|nātus]] is the participle of [[m|la|nāscor|t=to be born]], from [[ine-pro|*ǵenh₁-|t=to beget, to be born]]; the participle goes back to *ǵn̥h₁-tó-, like [[sa|जात|tr=jātá|t=born]].^(de Vaan 2008)

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+ Several derivatives came from French rather than straight from Latin: [[naturalista]], [[naturalismo]] and [[naturalizzare]] follow [[fr|naturaliste]], [[m|fr|naturalisme]] and [[m|fr|naturaliser]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI's first record is in Brunetto Latini (before 1294), in the sense “of nature, belonging to nature”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ “Inborn, that one has by nature” is in the ''Novellino'' at the end of the 13th century, “unaffected, spontaneous” in Arrigo Simintendi (before 1333), and “in keeping with nature” in Boccaccio (1353).^(DELI 1999) Prati notes that the old noun ''naturale'' meant “temperament” and, in the ''Novellino'' and Annibal Caro, the male member, and that ''i naturali'' were the natives of a country.^(Prati 1951|692) The noun for the shape or size of a thing as it is in nature, as in ''al naturale'', is recorded at the end of the 15th century.^(DELI 1999)

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+ In music ''naturale'' describes a note neither sharpened nor flattened, a use found in French in 1703 and German in 1732.^(DIFIT) Modern law speaks of a ''figlio naturale'', a child born outside marriage, and in the shop ''acqua naturale'' is still water.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses ''naturale''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Late 13th century – The ''Novellino'' uses it for “inborn”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1333 – Simintendi uses it for “spontaneous”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1353 – Boccaccio uses it for “in keeping with nature”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Late 15th century – The noun for “life size” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1703 – French takes the musical ''naturale''.^(DIFIT)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of [[m|en|nature]], belonging to the physical world: ''i fenomeni naturali''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Given by nature; [[m|en|innate]]: ''Ha un talento naturale per il disegno.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # Genuine, not altered or processed: ''succo di frutta naturale''; of water, still.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Spontaneous, unaffected: ''Davanti alla telecamera era molto naturale.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Normal, to be expected: ''È naturale che sia preoccupata.''^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(law)'' ''figlio naturale'', a child born outside marriage.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(music)'' Of a note, neither sharp nor flat.^(DIFIT)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''al naturale'': life-size; of food, plain, without dressing.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[naturalmente]]

+ * [[naturalezza]]

+ * [[naturalità]]

+ * [[naturalista]]

+ * [[naturalistico]]

+ * [[naturalismo]]

+ * [[naturalizzare]]

+ * [[naturalizzazione]]

+ * [[innaturale]]

+ * [[soprannaturale]]

+ * [[connaturale]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[natura]]

+ * [[nascere]]

+ * [[la|naturalis]]

+ * [[fr|naturel]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}