arrestare Italian · revision 38760

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=13th century, Bestiario moralizzato|origins=la restō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ar.resˈta.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''arrestare''' (first-person singular present arrèsto, first-person singular past historic arrestài, past participle arrestàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling [[roa-oit|arestare]] is also found.^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999) Dialect forms include [[lij|arrestâ]], [[pms|arestè]], [[nap|arrestare]] and [[scn|arristari]].^(LEI|3, 1372)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la-vul|*arrestō|alt=*arrestāre|t=to stop]], formed on [[la|restō|t=to stay behind, stop]] with the reinforcing prefix [[m|la|ad-]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Wiktionary) The LEI holds that the verb must belong to Late Latin, because it is continued in Gallo-Romance, Ibero-Romance and Italo-Romance;^(LEI|3, 1372)^(DELI 1999) Medieval Latin has [[m|la-med|adrestō|alt=adrestāre]], and Wiktionary dates the Latin form to 1194, by then a borrowing from Romance.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Wiktionary) The same verb is [[fr|arrêter]], [[oc|arestar]], [[ca|arestar]], [[es|arrestar]] and [[pt|arrestar]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935)^(Körting 1907) Old French had the reflexive [[m|fro|arester|alt=soi arester]] “to stop” from the 12th century, and the Spanish verb is recorded in 1400.^(LEI|3, 1372)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in the 13th-century ''Bestiario moralizzato'', from the area of Arezzo and Città di Castello, with the sense “to stop a movement”.^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO)^(Nocentini 2010) The legal sense, to hold a person for the courts, appears as ''arestare'' in a Florentine document of 1311–1313 and as ''arrestare'' in Giovanni Villani (before 1348).^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|3, 1372)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Old Italian used the verb for stopping someone or something, and reflexively for lingering or pausing; it also meant to stop doing something, to hinder, to put under arrest, and to confiscate goods.^(TLIO) The sense “to seize, confiscate” is recorded from Villani to the 16th century and again in 1863, and is now obsolete.^(LEI|3, 1372)^(Zingarelli 2010) Boccaccio has ''arrestato'' “stopped” (before 1375), and the participle meaning “imprisoned” appears in the minutes of the provisional Municipality of Venice in 1797.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The noun ''arresto'' is recorded in Villani for the act of stopping; it named a mechanical stop in 1853 and a prison sentence in 1699.^(DELI 1999) A plant whose roots hold back the oxen at the plough is called ''arrestabue'', like [[fr|arrête-bœuf]].^(REW 1935)^(LEI|3, 1372) In computing ''arrestare'' now means to shut down a computer.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – The ''Bestiario moralizzato'' uses ''arrestare'' “to stop”.^(DELI 1999)^(TLIO)

+ * 1311–1313 – A Florentine document has ''arestare'' “to arrest”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1348 – Giovanni Villani uses ''arrestare'' for arresting a person and for confiscating goods, and has the noun ''arresto''.^(DELI 1999)^(LEI|3, 1372)

+ * Before 1375 – Boccaccio has ''arrestato'' “stopped”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1431 – A second verb ''arrestare'', “to put the lance in rest”, is recorded.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ * 1699 – ''Arresto'' is used for detention as a penalty.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1797 – ''Arrestato'' “imprisoned” appears in Venetian records.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|stop]], to halt a movement or a process, also figuratively: ''Il medico riuscì ad arrestare l'emorragia.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To [[m|en|arrest]], to take a person into custody: ''La polizia ha arrestato due sospettati.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # ''(sport)'' ''Arrestare il gioco'': of the referee, to stop play for a foul.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(computing)'' To [[m|en|shut down]] a computer.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # ''(obsolete)'' To [[m|en|confiscate]] goods.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(LEI|3, 1372)

+ # ''Arrestarsi'': to come to a stop, to halt: ''L'ascensore si arrestò tra due piani.''^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[arresto]]

+ * [[arrestato]]

+ * [[arrestamento]]

+ * [[arrestatoio]]

+ * [[arrestabile]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[restare]]

+ * [[resta]]

+ * [[fr|arrêter]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ An obsolete homograph ''arrestare'', “to put the lance in rest”, was formed from [[resta]], the rest for a lance on a breastplate (before 1431).^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(GDLI|1, 685) Ariosto and Tasso use it, and the LEI treats it as a separate family.^(GDLI|1, 685)^(LEI|3, 1372)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}