premio Italian · revision 38758

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 1306|origins=la emō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈprɛ.mjo/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''premio''' ''m'' (plural premi)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a learned word, [[bor|la|praemium|t=booty; profit; reward]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(DEI|3063)^(GRADIT 2003) The Latin noun comes from [[m|la|*praiemiom|alt=*prai-emion]], formed with [[m|la|prae-|t=before]] on [[m|la|emō|t=to take; to buy]];^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(DEI|3063)^(Devoto 1968) originally it was the part of the spoils taken first and set aside for the god who had granted victory or for the victorious general.^(DEI|3063)^(Devoto 1968) The verb's root goes back to [[ine-pro|*h₁em-|t=to take]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ DEI calls the word half-learned in all of western Romance: [[ca|premi]], [[es|premio]] and [[pt|prémio]].^(DEI|3063)^(REW 1935) [[fr|prime]] was taken from English.^(Körting 1907) The sense “insurance premium” is a calque of [[en|premium]], which had it from 1661.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ GRADIT and Nocentini date the word before 1306.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Nocentini 2010) DELI's first record is Domenico Cavalca (before 1342), in the sense of a recognition of merit and the token of it;^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI) Cavalca warns that a vice hidden under the appearance of virtue may make a man “expect a reward” (''aspettasi premio'') for what deserves eternal punishment.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Old Italian ''premio'' was above all a moral or religious reward, often set against punishment: the Italian translation of Dante's ''Monarchia'' calls honour “the reward of virtue”, and ''il premio eterno'' is the bliss of heaven.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GDLI)^(Treccani 2011) Boccaccio has ''premiare'' (1353), from Late Latin ''praemiare'', and ''premiazione'' is recorded before 1406.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The commercial senses came later: the winnings of a lottery (1823, a Milanese newspaper), the sum paid for an option on the stock exchange (1874), and an extra payment to employees (1958).^(DELI 1999) In marine insurance ''premio'' is recorded in 1813.^(DEI|3063)^(DIFIT) Named prizes and competitions followed, such as the ''Premio Nobel'' and the ''Gran Premio'' of motor racing, and, from 1970 the word is used after a noun as an invariable adjective (''viaggio premio'', a trip given as a prize).^(Zingarelli 2010)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1306 – ''Premio'' is first recorded.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Nocentini 2010)

+ * Before 1342 – Cavalca uses it for a reward of merit.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1353 – Boccaccio uses ''premiare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1406 – ''Premiazione'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1813 – ''Premio'' is used in marine insurance.^(DEI|3063)^(DIFIT)

+ * 1823 – A Milanese paper uses it for lottery winnings.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1874 – The stock-exchange sense is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1958 – ''Premio'' is used for a bonus paid to employees.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|prize]] or [[m|en|award]]: an object or a sum of money given for merit or to the winner of a contest: ''Ha vinto il primo premio della gara di cucina.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A moral [[m|en|reward]]: ''La gratitudine dei pazienti è il suo premio più grande.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # A competition in which a prize is awarded, such as a literary prize; the work or the person that won it.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # The winnings of a lottery or a game.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(insurance)'' A [[m|en|premium]], the sum the insured pays to the insurer.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # A [[m|en|bonus]] paid to employees or to players for particular results.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # A subsidy given by the state to encourage an activity.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+ # ''(finance)'' The sum paid in an option contract for the right to carry it out or withdraw from it.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(invariable, after a noun)'' Given as a prize: ''una vacanza premio''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[premiare]]

+ * [[premiato]]

+ * [[premiazione]]

+ * [[premiando]]

+ * [[premiale]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[premiata]]

+ * [[redimere]]

+ * [[esempio]]

+ * [[la|praemium]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Fixed phrases include ''premio di consolazione'', for someone who has not won a main prize, ''premio d'ingaggio'', the sum paid to an athlete for signing with a club, and ''gran premio'', a major race.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Gabrielli 2020)^(Treccani 2011)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}