nudo Italian · revision 38726

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 1294, Brunetto Latini|origins=ine-pro *nogʷ-}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈnu.do/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nudo''' (feminine nuda, masculine plural nudi, feminine plural nude)^(Wiktionary)

+ The Tuscan and literary variant is [[ignudo]], with a palatal /ɲ/ and a prosthetic ⟨i⟩, beside popular [[gnudo]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(Prati 1951|704)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) GDLI records the old forms ''niudo'' and ''nùo''.^(GDLI)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|la|nūdus|t=naked; bare]].^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Wiktionary) The same word is [[fr|nu]], [[oc|nut]], [[ca|nu]], [[es|nudo]] and [[pt|nu]], as well as [[rm|nüd]], [[fur|nut]] and [[dlm|noid]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(REW 1935) GDLI calls it a pan-Romance word.^(GDLI)

+

+ The Latin word goes back to [[itc-pro|*nogʷedos]] and to an Indo-European adjective [[ine-pro|*nogʷ-|t=naked]], which took different suffixes in the different branches.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Wiktionary) Its relatives include [[sa|नग्न|tr=nagná]], [[lt|núogas]], [[goh|nakot]] and [[ang|nacod]], the source of [[en|naked]], and, with some difficulty, [[grc|γυμνός|tr=gumnós]].^(Nocentini 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan follows Schrijver in deriving the Latin adjective from the Proto-Italic form through a series of regular sound changes.^(de Vaan 2008) Devoto saw the Latin and the Germanic adjectives as the same root with different extensions, one with ⟨-edo-⟩ and one with ⟨-eto-⟩ or ⟨-oto-⟩.^(Devoto 1968)

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+ The Tuscan [[ignudo]] shows a palatalised initial ⟨n⟩, a sporadic change also found in Tuscan [[gnucca]] for [[nuca]], and an ⟨i⟩ added before the cluster.^(Nocentini 2010)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ DELI dates the first record to Brunetto Latini, before 1294, in the sense “lacking, bare”; the sense “naked, without clothes” follows in Iacopone da Todi's ''Laudi'' (before 1306).^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) Nocentini puts the word at the beginning of the 13th century.^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the start ''nudo'' meant both naked and bare in a wider sense.^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) Dante compares the sinners to wrestlers in the arena: ''Qual sogliono i campion far nudi e unti'' (“as champions used to do, naked and oiled”).^(GDLI) The word also described a drawn sword, a horse ridden without a saddle, and figuratively anything plain and unadorned, as in ''la nuda verità'' “the plain truth”.^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861)^(GRADIT 2003)^(Zingarelli 2010) Petrarch used it for “defenceless, destitute” in the line ''Povera e nuda vai, filosofia'' (“Poor and naked you go, philosophy”), and for the soul freed from the body.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Treccani 2011)

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+ As a noun ''nudo'' has meant the naked human body as a subject of art since Leon Battista Alberti (before 1472);^(DELI 1999)^(Tommaseo–Bellini 1861) DEI records it in the 16th century also as the name of a coin of Duke Cesare d'Este of Modena that showed a naked putto.^(DEI|2609) Law has ''nuda proprietà'', ownership of a property whose use belongs to someone else.^(Treccani 2011)^(Zingarelli 2010) The derivatives ''nudismo'' and ''nudista'' are 20th-century words.^(DELI 1999)^(Nocentini 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Before 1294 – Brunetto Latini uses ''nudo'' for “bare, lacking”.^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * Before 1306 – Iacopone da Todi uses it for “naked” and has ''nuditate'' “nakedness”.^(DELI 1999)

+ * Before 1472 – Leon Battista Alberti uses ''nudo'' as a noun for the naked figure in art.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 16th century – ''Nudo'' is the name of a coin of Modena showing a naked putto.^(DEI|2609)

+ * 1926 – Nocentini's first date for ''nudismo'', DELI finds it in Panzini's dictionary in 1931.^(Nocentini 2010)^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1929 – ''Nudista'' is recorded, DELI's first record is from 1935.^(Nocentini 2010)^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|naked]], [[m|en|nude]]: of a person or a part of the body, not covered by clothes: ''Il bambino correva nudo sulla spiaggia.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Lightly dressed, not covered enough: ''Non uscire così nudo, fuori nevica.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)

+ # Bare, lacking its usual covering (of hair, leaves, vegetation): ''In inverno gli alberi del viale restano nudi.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # Unadorned, bare of furniture or decoration: ''Le pareti dell'ufficio erano ancora nude.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Plain, unembellished, bare of comment: ''la nuda verità'', ''nudo e crudo'' “bluntly, without softening”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # Of a blade, drawn, [[m|en|unsheathed]].^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Treccani 2011)

+ # ''(literary)'' Defenceless, destitute.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(art)'' A nude: the naked human body as a subject of art, and a painting, drawing, sculpture or photograph of it: ''Al museo c'è una sala dedicata ai nudi dell'Ottocento.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[nudità]]

+ * [[nudismo]]

+ * [[nudista]]

+ * [[ignudo]]

+ * [[gnudo]]

+ * [[denudare]]

+ * [[snudare]]

+ * [[seminudo]]

+ * [[nudamente]]

+ * [[nudezza]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[la|nūdus]]

+ * [[en|naked]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ Common phrases are ''a occhio nudo'' “with the naked eye”, ''a mani nude'' “with bare hands”, ''a piedi nudi'' “barefoot” and ''mettere a nudo'' “to lay bare, reveal”.^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Treccani 2011) ''Nudo come un verme'' means “stark naked”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010) Sabatini–Coletti labels ''ignudo'' literary.^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}