abbandonare Italian · revision 38700

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 12th century, Proverbia que dicuntur|origins=frk *ban}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ab.ban.doˈna.re/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''abbandonare''' (first-person singular present abbandóno, first-person singular past historic abbandonài, past participle abbandonàto, auxiliary avére)^(Wiktionary)

+ [[roa-oit|abandonare]];^(TLIO)^(LEI|1, 173)^(Wiktionary) Venetian ''abandonar'', Genoese ''abandonà''.^(TLIO)^(LEI|1, 173)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fro|abandoner]] (about 1080), formed on the phrase “a bandon” “in someone's power, at their mercy”, from [[m|fro|bandon|t=power, authority]].^(DELI 1999)^(GDLI)^(Prati 1951|11)^(Wiktionary) DELI and Sabatini–Coletti start from “être à bandon” “to be in someone's power”, and the GDLI derives “bandon” from a Frankish “*band”, a form parallel to “*ban”.^(DELI 1999)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(GDLI) Nocentini, Devoto–Oli, GRADIT and DEI read the French verb instead as “a ban donner” “to hand over to the power of”, “to leave free for anyone's use”, and DEI compares Medieval Latin “in bannum ponere”.^(Nocentini 2010)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(GRADIT 2003)^(DEI|4)

+

+ The noun at the root is [[frk|*ban|t=proclamation, jurisdiction]], a legal word that the LEI traces from “solemn word” to “edict” and “order of an authority”; it spread through the Franks into the Latin of the Merovingian period as [[la-med|bannus]], and is also the source of [[bando]] and [[banale]].^(LEI|1, 173)^(Nocentini 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) Old Tuscan “abbandonarsi” “to venture” and “to collapse” has the senses of Old French ''s'abandoner''.^(DEI|4)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLIO's first record is in the Venetian ''Proverbia que dicuntur'', of the last quarter of the 12th century, and personal names such as ''Abandonati'' are found in Tuscan documents from 1145.^(TLIO)^(Devoto–Oli 2026) The first sense is “to leave in the power of oneself or others, to leave defenceless”;^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003) DELI finds it in Uguccione da Lodi early in the 13th century, the form ''abandonare'' “to leave for ever” in Brunetto Latini about 1260, and ''abbandonare'' in Dante in 1292.^(TLIO)^(DELI 1999)^(GRADIT 2003)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Dante has the verb several times: Francesca says that love seized her so strongly “che, come vedi, ancor non m'abbandona” (“that, as you see, it still does not leave me”), and in the ''Vita Nuova'' life itself almost abandons the poet.^(GDLI) The TLIO groups the Old Italian senses under three ideas: the loss of control or care (to let fall, to leave land untilled, of strength or life to fail someone), separation (to leave a place or a person), and ceasing to do something.^(TLIO) The physical sense “to let go, to let drop” is in the ''Ottimo commento'' before 1334 and, in the form ''abbandonare'', in Ariosto in 1516.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ The reflexive ''abbandonarsi'' “to let oneself go” is recorded before 1313, and “to lose heart” in Guittone, before 1294.^(DELI 1999) Modern sport added the sense “to retire from a race or a match”.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026) ''Abbandono'' “final parting” is in Brunetto Latini, and ''abbandonato'' was used from 1550 for a foundling.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * About 1080 – Old French ''abandoner'' is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1145 – Names such as ''Abandonati'' appear in Tuscan documents.^(TLIO)

+ * Late 12th century – The verb appears in the Venetian ''Proverbia que dicuntur''.^(TLIO)

+ * 1211–1213 – GRADIT dates the word to these years.^(GRADIT 2003)

+ * 1268 – ''Abbandonato'' “left” is recorded.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1292 – Dante writes ''abbandonare''.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1516 – Ariosto uses it for letting something drop.^(DELI 1999)

+ * 1550 – Vasari uses ''abbandonato'' for a foundling.^(DELI 1999)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|leave]] a place or a person for good, to [[m|en|abandon]]; of strength, hope or courage: to fail someone: ''Hanno abbandonato il paese dopo la guerra.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To leave someone without help or protection; to [[m|en|neglect]], leave untended: ''abbandonare qualcuno al suo destino''.^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To give up, stop doing (a study, a plan, a habit); ''(sport, intransitive)'' to retire from a race or a match: ''Il pilota ha abbandonato al decimo giro.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)

+ # To let go, loosen (a grip, the reins); to let a part of the body drop or rest: ''Abbandonò la testa sul cuscino.''^(GRADIT 2003)^(Devoto–Oli 2026)^(Zingarelli 2010)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' ''Abbandonarsi'': to let oneself go; to give way (to feelings, memories); to put oneself trustingly in someone's hands, ''(rare)'' to lose heart.^(Zingarelli 2010)^(Sabatini–Coletti 2026)^(Gabrielli 2020)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abbandono]]

+ * [[abbandonato]]

+ * [[abbandonamento]]

+ * [[abbandonatore]]

+ * [[riabbandonare]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bando]]

+ * [[banale]]

+ * [[fr|abandonner]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}