hausser French · revision 38677

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1130, Eneas|origins=la altus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /o.se/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hausser'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|halcier]] (about 1130), [[m|fro|haucier]] (12th century); ''hausser'' from the 15th century.^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|haucier]], [[inh|la-vul|*altiō|t=to raise]], from [[m|la|altus|t=high]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|24, 360a)^(Wiktionary) The ⟨l⟩ of [[m|fro|halcier]] was vocalized to ⟨u⟩ in the 12th century, and the initial ⟨h⟩ comes from [[haut]].^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|alzare]], [[oc|ausar]], [[ca|alçar]], [[es|alzar]] and [[pt|alçar]].^(TLFi)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found about 1130 in the ''Roman d'Eneas'', spelled ''halcier'', meaning “to lift, raise to a higher level”;^(GLLF 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(DHLF 1992) in the ''Chanson de Roncevaux'' the emperor ''en hauce le menton'' “raises his chin”.^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From “to raise” came “to make higher” (''hausser un mur'', about 1155, Wace) and “to make louder” (about 1195, Ambroise, ''voiz hauciee'').^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) About 1208 Villehardouin uses it for raising the value or standing of something, a sense now old-fashioned except in ''hausser les prix''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The intransitive use “to rise, go up” (mid-16th century) has given way to [[monter]].^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Many uses are set phrases: ''se hausser sur la pointe des pieds'' (about 1265), ''hausser les épaules'' (1663, Molière), ''hausser le coude'' “to drink a lot” (1690, Furetière), ''hausser la voix'' (1672) and ''hausser le ton'' (1693, Madame de Maintenon).^(DHLF 1992)^(GLLF 1989) The derived [[hausse]] meant “pride” in the 13th century before taking its senses of rise and increase.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1130 – ''Halcier'' in the ''Roman d'Eneas''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * c. 1155 – “To make higher”, in Wace.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1195 – Of raising the voice, in Ambroise.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1208 – Villehardouin uses it of raising something in worth.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1265 – The reflexive ''se hausser''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 15th century – The spelling ''hausser''.^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1663 – ''Hausser les épaules'', in Molière.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1693 – ''Hausser le ton'', in Madame de Maintenon.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make higher: ''hausser une maison d'un étage''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # To [[m|en|raise]], lift to a higher level: ''hausser le bras'', ''hausser les épaules'', to [[m|en|shrug]].^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make louder or stronger: ''hausser la voix'', ''hausser le ton'', to speak more sharply.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(dated)'' To increase: ''hausser les prix''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''Se hausser'': to stand up higher: ''se hausser sur la pointe des pieds'', ''se hausser du col'', to give oneself airs.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hausse]]

+ * [[haussement]]

+ * [[rehausser]]

+ * [[exhausser]]

+ * [[surhausser]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[haut]]

+ * [[la|altus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}