gentilis Latin · revision 3867

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *ǵenh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɡɛnˈtiː.lɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [d͡ʒenˈtiː.lis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gentīlis''' (neuter gentīle, adverb gentīliter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|gēns|-īlis|t1=clan]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) ''Gēns'' is [[m|itc-pro|*genti-]], from [[ine-pro|*ǵénh₁-ti-|t=child]], and first meant a clan, people of one descent.^(de Vaan 2008) The Christian sense “heathen” is a semantic loan from [[hbo|גּוֹי|tr=gôy|t=nation]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Laws of the Twelve Tables rule that if there is no agnate, the ''gentiles'' shall have the estate.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a noun it was a member of the same gens, sharing the same name, and as an adjective belonging to a gens, as Ovid's band of Fabii and Tacitus' eloquence, “the gift of our family”.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It then meant belonging to one's tribe or nation, national, and as a noun a fellow countryman, as in Gellius.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ In Christian Latin ''gentiles'' were the heathen, translating the Biblical “nations”.^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976) In medieval Latin it meant noble and refined.^(Niermeyer 1976) Through Old French it gave English ''gentle'', ''gentry'' and ''genteel'', and ''gentile'' “one who is not a Jew” came from the Late Latin noun around 1400.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – The Twelve Tables use ''gentiles'' of the clan.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of the Fabii.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of a fellow countryman.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 13th century – English ''gentle'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+ * c. 1400 – English ''gentile'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of a gens, of one's [[m|en|clan]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # National, of one's own people.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of foreign peoples.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Noble; refined.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A member of the same gens, a kinsman.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A fellow countryman.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Christian Latin)'' A heathen, [[m|en|pagan]], [[m|en|gentile]].^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gentīlicius]]

+ * [[gentīlitās]]

+ * [[gentīlitus]]

+ * [[gentīliter]]

+ * [[gentīlitius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gēns]]

+ * [[genticus]]

+ * [[en|gentle]]

+ * [[en|gentile]]

+ * [[en|genteel]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}