participer French · revision 38658

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 13th century, Ramon Lull|origins=la particeps}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /paʁ.ti.si.pe/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''participer'''^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|participō|t=to make someone share; to share out; to have a share]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(FEW|7, 676a) Middle French also took over the first Latin sense, “to let someone share” (1355), and the second in the participle [[m|frm|participé|t=shared out]], recorded in 1552.^(DHLF 1992) The Latin verb comes from [[m|la|particeps|t=sharing in]], from [[m|la|pars|t=part]] and [[m|la|capiō|t=to take]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Wiktionary treats the word as inherited from Middle French, where it had already been taken from Latin.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Compare [[oc|participar]], [[es|participar]] and [[it|participare]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found at the end of the 13th century as a term of philosophy, ''participer a'' “to have features in common with”, in a French version of Ramon Lull: ''ame d'ome participe a toutes creatures'' “man's soul shares in all creatures”.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In this philosophical sense Oresme constructed the verb with ''en'' (1370), and, from the 16th century it took ''de'', the source of the modern didactic ''participer de'' “to partake of the nature of”;^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) a 15th-century drinking song by Olivier Basselin describes a nose whose colour ''participe du rouge et du violet''.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ Also from the 13th century the verb, with a person as subject, meant “to have a share in”, at first with ''de'' (sharing in the body and blood of the Lord) and, from 1337 with ''à''.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The sense “to take an active part in” is recorded about 1360 in Froissart.^(GLLF 1989) The present participle [[participant]] became an adjective and a noun.^(DHLF 1992) [[participation]] is older (about 1170), from Late Latin [[m|la-lat|participātiō]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 13th century – The philosophical sense, in Ramon Lull.^(TLFi)

+ * 13th century – ''Participer de'' “to have a share in”, in the ''Vie de saint Laurent''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1337 – ''Participer à''.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1355 – The transitive sense “to let someone share”.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * c. 1360 – “To take an active part”, in Froissart.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1370 – ''Participer en'', in Oresme.^(TLFi)

+ * 16th century – ''Participer de'' “to partake of”, in Basselin.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''Participer à'': to take part in, [[m|en|participate]] in: ''participer à une réunion'', ''participer à un concours''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # ''Participer à'': to have a share in; to [[m|en|share]] someone's feelings: ''participer à la peine d'une amie''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''Participer à'': to [[m|en|contribute]], especially money: ''participer aux frais''.^(Wiktionary)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(literary)'' ''Participer de'': to have some of the nature of, to [[m|en|partake]] of.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[participant]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[participation]]

+ * [[participe]]

+ * [[part]]

+ * [[la|participō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}