redresser French · revision 38649

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la dīrigō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ʁə.dʁɛ.se/^(Wiktionary)

+ * /ʁə.dʁe.se/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''redresser'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|redrecier]], [[m|fro|redrescier]];^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Littré 1873) the spelling ''redresser'' appears in the 14th century.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|re-|dresser|t2=to raise, set up straight]], formed in Old French as [[m|fro|redrecier]].^(Grand Robert 2005)^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) The base verb continues [[la-vul|*directiō]], from [[m|la|dīrēctus|t=straight]], the participle of [[m|la|dīrigō]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(FEW|3, 84a)

+

+ Littré lists [[pcd|eurdrecher]], [[wa|ridressî]], [[oc|redressar]] and [[it|ridrizzare]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found about 1100 in the ''Chanson de Roland'', used reflexively for getting back on one's feet: ''du faldestod il se redrece en piez'' “he rises from the faldstool to his feet”.^(TLFi)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The physical sense “to set upright again” was soon matched by moral ones: “to bring someone back to the right path” (1174–1176, Guernes de Pont-Sainte-Maxence) and “to raise up spiritually” (late 13th century).^(TLFi) “To straighten what is bent or twisted” is found in Chrétien de Troyes (1176–1181), and “to correct what is false or unjust” about 1280, first in the context of feudal law;^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992) ''redresser les torts'' is recorded by the Académie in 1798.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Reflexive ''se redresser'', of a person, came to mean “to hold oneself very straight” (1674), with figurative uses of pride.^(DHLF 1992) In aviation the verb means to pull up the nose of an aeroplane (1920), and in the 20th century it was applied to restoring a difficult situation (1939); slang used it for “to look at” (1911) and “to recognise, identify” (1926).^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Se redrecier'' in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * 1174–1176 – “To turn someone from sin”, in Guernes de Pont-Sainte-Maxence.^(TLFi)

+ * 1176–1181 – “To straighten something bent”, in Chrétien de Troyes.^(TLFi)

+ * c. 1280 – “To correct what is wrong”, in the ''Clef d'Amors''.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1559 – Amyot writes of setting statues upright again.^(TLFi)

+ * 1798 – The Académie records ''redresser les torts''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ * 1920 – The aviation sense.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To set [[m|en|upright]] again, to raise to a vertical position: ''redresser un piquet'', ''redresser la tête'', to hold one's head up, to stop submitting.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # To [[m|en|straighten]] what is bent or twisted: ''redresser une tige de fer''.^(TLFi)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # ''(aviation)'' To pull up the nose of an aircraft, ''(driving)'' to straighten the wheels after a turn.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # To put right, to restore a situation: ''redresser l'économie'', ''redresser la barre'', to take things in hand again.^(TLFi)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|rectify]], correct: ''redresser une erreur'', ''redresser les torts'', to right wrongs.^(TLFi)^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''Se redresser'': to stand or sit up straight; to recover.^(Wiktionary)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[redressement]]

+ * [[redresseur]]

+ * [[redressage]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dresser]]

+ * [[adresser]]

+ * [[droit]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}