communiste French · revision 38630

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1706|origins=la commūnis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /kɔ.my.nist/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''communiste''' (plural communistes)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|fr|commun|-iste]].^(TLFi)^(Grand Robert 2005)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|2, 962a) The adjective [[commun]] is [[m|la|commūnis|t=common, shared]].^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) Its political use belongs with that of [[commune]] in 1789 and in 1870,^(DHLF 1992) and with [[communisme]], which appeared at the end of the 18th century.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ According to Jacques Grandjonc, whose history of the word Rey follows, the adjective is first found in 1706 for someone concerned with the common good; as a noun it then meant a member of a community, a sense still found during the Revolution.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) Mirabeau used it in 1769 for the joint holders of a right, and Littré still recorded it as a legal term for a co-owner of undivided property.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The ideological sense, “supporter of the community of goods”, appears in 1785 in a correspondent of Restif de la Bretonne, d'Hupay de Fuveau, who called himself an ''auteur communiste'';^(DHLF 1992) Restif himself used it in ''Monsieur Nicolas'' (1797), while Babeuf in 1793 said ''communautistes''.^(DHLF 1992) After a period of rarity it reappeared in Lamennais (1832) and in Landais's dictionary (1834).^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) The first communist banquet, in July 1840, spread the word, together with ''parti communiste'' for what was then a current of opinion;^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi) Cabet took it as his banner and Proudhon used it in 1840.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+

+ The English word [[m|en|communist]] was taken from it in 1841, and its main modern sense followed the ''Communist Manifesto'' of 1848.^(Etymonline) In French the noun was also used for a supporter of the Paris Commune of 1871.^(BHVF) With the parties of the Communist International the word came to mean a member of such a party, and ''parti communiste'' a party of Marxist–Leninist doctrine (1922).^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1706 – First recorded, for someone concerned with the common good.^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005)

+ * 1769 – Mirabeau uses it for the joint holders of a right.^(TLFi)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1785 – ''Auteur communiste'' in d'Hupay de Fuveau, with the ideological sense.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1797 – Restif de la Bretonne uses it in ''Monsieur Nicolas''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1832 – Lamennais revives the word.^(DHLF 1992)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ * 1834 – Recorded in Landais's dictionary.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1840 – The first communist banquet spreads it, Proudhon uses it.^(DHLF 1992)^(TLFi)

+ * 1841 – English ''communist'' is formed from it.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1922 – ''Parti communiste'' for a Marxist–Leninist party.^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(historical)'' In favour of [[communisme]] as a doctrine of common ownership: ''les communistes babouvistes''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(TLFi)

+ # Seeking a social [[m|en|revolution]] together with the workers' movements.^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # Belonging to a party, a state or an international organization that claims to follow [[m|en|Marxism]]: ''le Parti communiste français''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|communist]]: a supporter of communism, or a member of a communist party.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(France)'' A member of the French Communist Party.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[communisme]]

+ * [[commun]]

+ * [[commune]]

+ * [[la|commūnis]]

+ * [[en|communist]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}