douze French · revision 38623

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 1100, Chanson de Roland|origins=la duodecim}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /duz/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''douze''' (invariable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Old French [[m|fro|duze]] (Chanson de Roland) and [[m|fro|doze]].^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary) Littré also quotes [[m|fro|doce]].^(Littré 1873)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|fro|doze]], [[inh|la-vul|*dodeci]], a contraction of [[la|duodecim|t=twelve]].^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)^(Wiktionary)^(FEW|3, 182a) The Latin numeral is formed from [[m|la|duo|t=two]] and [[m|la|decem|t=ten]],^(DHLF 1992)^(Grand Robert 2005) after the model of [[grc|δώδεκα|tr=dṓdeka]], according to Rey.^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ Cognate with [[it|dodici]], [[oc|dotze]], [[ca|dotze]], [[es|doce]] and [[pt|doze]].^(Littré 1873)^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found as ''duze'' in the ''Chanson de Roland'' (about 1100), in ''li duze per'', the twelve peers of Charlemagne.^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Villehardouin (about 1207) uses ''li douze'' as a noun for the twelve electors of the emperor.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989) As an ordinal, “twelfth”, the numeral is recorded in the 16th century by the GLLF and in Furetière (1690) by the TLFi.^(GLLF 1989)^(TLFi)^(DHLF 1992) The printing term ''in-douze'', for a book whose sheets are folded into twelve leaves, dates from 1666.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+

+ The derivatives are [[douzième]] (late 11th century, ''dudzime''), [[douzaine]] (late 12th century) and [[douzain]] (1480), a poem of twelve lines.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989) ''Douzaine'' was borrowed as [[it|dozzina]], [[de|Dutzend]] and [[en|dozen]].^(REW 1935)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1100 – ''Li duze per'', in the ''Chanson de Roland''.^(TLFi)

+ * Late 11th century – ''Dudzime'', the ordinal.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * Late 12th century – ''Douzaine''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * c. 1207 – ''Li douze'', in Villehardouin.^(Littré 1873)

+ * 1480 – ''Douzain''.^(DHLF 1992)

+ * 1666 – ''In-douze''.^(DHLF 1992)^(Bloch & Wartburg 1989)

+ * 1690 – The ordinal use, in Furetière.^(TLFi)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|twelve]]: ''les douze apôtres'', ''les douze mois de l'année''.^(Petit Robert 2007)^(Littré 1873)

+ # ''(ordinal)'' [[m|en|twelfth]]: ''page douze'', ''Louis douze'', Louis XII.^(Littré 1873)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The number twelve; the figure 12.^(GLLF 1989)^(Petit Robert 2007)

+ # The twelfth day of the month: ''il arrive le douze''.^(GLLF 1989)

+ # The house, room or competitor numbered twelve.^(GLLF 1989)

+ # ''(printing)'' A size of type of twelve points.^(BHVF)^(GLLF 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[douzaine]]

+ * [[douzième]]

+ * [[douzain]]

+ * [[in-douze]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[deux]]

+ * [[dix]]

+ * [[la|duodecim]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}